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Effects of monobutyl and di(n-butyl) phthalate in vitro on steroidogenesis and Leydig cell aggregation in fetal testis explants from the rat: comparison with effects in vivo in the fetal rat and neonatal marmoset and in vitro in the human.

Hallmark N, Walker M, McKinnell C, Mahood IK, Scott H, Bayne R, Coutts S, Anderson RA, Greig I, Morris K, Sharpe RM.

Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Mar;115(3):390-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19.PMID: 17431488 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Kinetics of selected di-n-butyl phthalate metabolites and fetal testosterone following repeated and single administration in pregnant rats.

Clewell RA, Kremer JJ, Williams CC, Campbell JL, Sochaski MA, Andersen ME, Borghoff SJ.

Toxicology. 2009 Jan 8;255(1-2):80-90. Epub 2008 Nov 1.PMID: 19010379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Diisobutyl phthalate has comparable anti-androgenic effects to di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal rat testis.

Borch J, Axelstad M, Vinggaard AM, Dalgaard M.

Toxicol Lett. 2006 Jun 1;163(3):183-90. Epub 2006 Feb 2.PMID: 16458459 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Fetal testosterone insufficiency and abnormal proliferation of Leydig cells and gonocytes in rats exposed to di(n-butyl) phthalate.

Mylchreest E, Sar M, Wallace DG, Foster PM.

Reprod Toxicol. 2002 Jan-Feb;16(1):19-28.PMID: 11934529 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

In utero exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate and testicular dysgenesis: comparison of fetal and adult end points and their dose sensitivity.

Mahood IK, Scott HM, Brown R, Hallmark N, Walker M, Sharpe RM.

Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Dec;115 Suppl 1:55-61.PMID: 18174951 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Effect of fetal or neonatal exposure to monobutyl phthalate (MBP) on testicular development and function in the marmoset.

McKinnell C, Mitchell RT, Walker M, Morris K, Kelnar CJ, Wallace WH, Sharpe RM.

Hum Reprod. 2009 Sep;24(9):2244-54. Epub 2009 Jun 2.PMID: 19491204 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Quantitative changes in gene expression in fetal rat testes following exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate.

Barlow NJ, Phillips SL, Wallace DG, Sar M, Gaido KW, Foster PM.

Toxicol Sci. 2003 Jun;73(2):431-41. Epub 2003 Apr 15.PMID: 12700402 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Dose-dependent alterations in gene expression and testosterone synthesis in the fetal testes of male rats exposed to di (n-butyl) phthalate.

Lehmann KP, Phillips S, Sar M, Foster PM, Gaido KW.

Toxicol Sci. 2004 Sep;81(1):60-8. Epub 2004 May 12.PMID: 15141095 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Di(n-butyl) phthalate impairs cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis in the fetal rat testis through a rapid and reversible mechanism.

Thompson CJ, Ross SM, Gaido KW.

Endocrinology. 2004 Mar;145(3):1227-37. Epub 2003 Nov 14.PMID: 14617579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Altered gene profiles in fetal rat testes after in utero exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate.

Shultz VD, Phillips S, Sar M, Foster PM, Gaido KW.

Toxicol Sci. 2001 Dec;64(2):233-42.PMID: 11719706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Fetal mouse phthalate exposure shows that Gonocyte multinucleation is not associated with decreased testicular testosterone.

Gaido KW, Hensley JB, Liu D, Wallace DG, Borghoff S, Johnson KJ, Hall SJ, Boekelheide K.

Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):491-503. Epub 2007 Mar 14.PMID: 17361019 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Abnormal Leydig Cell aggregation in the fetal testis of rats exposed to di (n-butyl) phthalate and its possible role in testicular dysgenesis.

Mahood IK, Hallmark N, McKinnell C, Walker M, Fisher JS, Sharpe RM.

Endocrinology. 2005 Feb;146(2):613-23. Epub 2004 Nov 11.PMID: 15539561 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Differential steroidogenic gene expression in the fetal adrenal gland versus the testis and rapid and dynamic response of the fetal testis to di(n-butyl) phthalate.

Thompson CJ, Ross SM, Hensley J, Liu K, Heinze SC, Young SS, Gaido KW.

Biol Reprod. 2005 Nov;73(5):908-17. Epub 2005 Jun 29.PMID: 15987825 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Expression of insulin-like factor 3 protein in the rat testis during fetal and postnatal development and in relation to cryptorchidism induced by in utero exposure to di (n-Butyl) phthalate.

McKinnell C, Sharpe RM, Mahood K, Hallmark N, Scott H, Ivell R, Staub C, Jégou B, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F, Hartung S.

Endocrinology. 2005 Oct;146(10):4536-44. Epub 2005 Jul 21.PMID: 16037377 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

A mixture of five phthalate esters inhibits fetal testicular testosterone production in the sprague-dawley rat in a cumulative, dose-additive manner.

Howdeshell KL, Wilson VS, Furr J, Lambright CR, Rider CV, Blystone CR, Hotchkiss AK, Gray LE Jr.

Toxicol Sci. 2008 Sep;105(1):153-65. Epub 2008 Apr 14.PMID: 18411233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Cumulative effects of dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate on male rat reproductive tract development: altered fetal steroid hormones and genes.

Howdeshell KL, Furr J, Lambright CR, Rider CV, Wilson VS, Gray LE Jr.

Toxicol Sci. 2007 Sep;99(1):190-202. Epub 2007 Mar 30.PMID: 17400582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Low concentrations mono-butyl phthalate stimulates steroidogenesis by facilitating steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1).

Wang Y, Song L, Hong X, Cui L, Zhang Z, Xiao H, Zhou J, Wang X.

Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Dec 1;164(1-2):15-24. Epub 2006 Sep 1.PMID: 16999944 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exerts both short-term and long-lasting suppressive effects on testosterone production in the rat.

Culty M, Thuillier R, Li W, Wang Y, Martinez-Arguelles DB, Benjamin CG, Triantafilou KM, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V.

Biol Reprod. 2008 Jun;78(6):1018-28. Epub 2008 Mar 5.PMID: 18322279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Reproductive toxicity and pharmacokinetics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) following dietary exposure of pregnant rats.

Struve MF, Gaido KW, Hensley JB, Lehmann KP, Ross SM, Sochaski MA, Willson GA, Dorman DC.

Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Aug;86(4):345-54.PMID: 19585553 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Long-term effects of intrauterine exposure to mono-n-butyl phthalate on the reproductive function of postnatal rats.

Kai H, Shono T, Tajiri T, Suita S.

J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Feb;40(2):429-33.PMID: 15750943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles