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Characterization of atrazine-induced gonadal malformations in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) and comparisons with effects of an androgen antagonist (cyproterone acetate) and exogenous estrogen (17beta-estradiol): Support for the demasculinization/feminization hypothesis.

Hayes TB, Stuart AA, Mendoza M, Collins A, Noriega N, Vonk A, Johnston G, Liu R, Kpodzo D.

Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Apr;114 Suppl 1:134-41.PMID: 16818259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Effects of larval exposure to estradiol on spermatogenesis and in vitro gonadal steroid secretion in African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis.

Hu F, Smith EE, Carr JA.

Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2008 Jan 1;155(1):190-200. Epub 2007 Apr 29.PMID: 17544424 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Effects of atrazine on metamorphosis, growth, laryngeal and gonadal development, aromatase activity, and sex steroid concentrations in Xenopus laevis.

Coady KK, Murphy MB, Villeneuve DL, Hecker M, Jones PD, Carr JA, Solomon KR, Smith EE, Van Der Kraak G, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP.

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005 Oct;62(2):160-73. Epub 2005 Jan 8.PMID: 16112017 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Response of larval Xenopus laevis to atrazine: assessment of growth, metamorphosis, and gonadal and laryngeal morphology.

Carr JA, Gentles A, Smith EE, Goleman WL, Urquidi LJ, Thuett K, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP, Gross TS, Solomon KR, Van Der Kraak G.

Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Feb;22(2):396-405.PMID: 12558173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses.

Hayes TB, Collins A, Lee M, Mendoza M, Noriega N, Stuart AA, Vonk A.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 16;99(8):5476-80.PMID: 11960004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Effect of atrazine on metamorphosis and sexual differentiation in Xenopus laevis.

Oka T, Tooi O, Mitsui N, Miyahara M, Ohnishi Y, Takase M, Kashiwagi A, Shinkai T, Santo N, Iguchi T.

Aquat Toxicol. 2008 May 30;87(4):215-26. Epub 2008 Feb 23.PMID: 18395276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Does atrazine influence larval development and sexual differentiation in Xenopus laevis?

Kloas W, Lutz I, Springer T, Krueger H, Wolf J, Holden L, Hosmer A.

Toxicol Sci. 2009 Feb;107(2):376-84. Epub 2008 Nov 13.PMID: 19008211 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Plasma concentrations of estradiol and testosterone, gonadal aromatase activity and ultrastructure of the testis in Xenopus laevis exposed to estradiol or atrazine.

Hecker M, Kim WJ, Park JW, Murphy MB, Villeneuve D, Coady KK, Jones PD, Solomon KR, Van Der Kraak G, Carr JA, Smith EE, du Preez L, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP; Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.

Aquat Toxicol. 2005 May 15;72(4):383-96.PMID: 15848257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Plasma sex steroid concentrations and gonadal aromatase activities in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) from South Africa.

Hecker M, Giesy JP, Jones PD, Jooste AM, Carr JA, Solomon KR, Smith EE, Van der Kraak G, Kendall RJ, Du Preez L.

Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004 Aug;23(8):1996-2007.PMID: 15352490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Role of aromatase and androgen receptor expression in gonadal sex differentiation of ZW/ZZ-type frogs, Rana rugosa.

Ohtani H, Miura I, Ichikawa Y.

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;134(2):215-25.PMID: 12600681 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Effects of atrazine on CYP19 gene expression and aromatase activity in testes and on plasma sex steroid concentrations of male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).

Hecker M, Park JW, Murphy MB, Jones PD, Solomon KR, Van Der Kraak G, Carr JA, Smith EE, du Preez L, Kendall RJ, Giesy JP.

Toxicol Sci. 2005 Aug;86(2):273-80. Epub 2005 May 18.PMID: 15901915 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Does atrazine affect larval development and sexual differentiation of South African clawed frogs?

Kloas W, Lutz I, Urbatzka R, Springer T, Krueger H, Wolf J, Holden L, Hosmer A.

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Apr;1163:437-40. Erratum in: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1171:660. PMID: 19456380 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Gene expression profiles revealing the mechanisms of anti-androgen- and estrogen-induced feminization in fish.

Filby AL, Thorpe KL, Maack G, Tyler CR.

Aquat Toxicol. 2007 Feb 28;81(2):219-31. Epub 2006 Dec 17.PMID: 17222921 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

The functional and structural observations of the neonatal reproductive system of alligators exposed in ovo to atrazine, 2,4-D, or estradiol.

Crain DA, Spiteri ID, Guillette LJ Jr.

Toxicol Ind Health. 1999 Jan-Mar;15(1-2):180-5.PMID: 10188200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Clotrimazole exposure modulates aromatase activity in gonads and brain during gonadal differentiation in Xenopus tropicalis frogs.

Gyllenhammar I, Eriksson H, Söderqvist A, Lindberg RH, Fick J, Berg C.

Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Jan 31;91(2):102-9. Epub 2008 Nov 1.PMID: 19036460 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: are we underestimating the impact?

Hayes TB, Case P, Chui S, Chung D, Haeffele C, Haston K, Lee M, Mai VP, Marjuoa Y, Parker J, Tsui M.

Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Apr;114 Suppl 1:40-50.PMID: 16818245 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Atrazine-induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): laboratory and field evidence.

Hayes T, Haston K, Tsui M, Hoang A, Haeffele C, Vonk A.

Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):568-75.PMID: 12676617 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Reproduction, larval growth, and reproductive development in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to atrazine.

Du Preez LH, Kunene N, Everson GJ, Carr JA, Giesy JP, Gross TS, Hosmer AJ, Kendall RJ, Smith EE, Solomon KR, Van Der Kraak GJ.

Chemosphere. 2008 Mar;71(3):546-52. Epub 2007 Nov 14.PMID: 18001816 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Bisphenol A induces feminization in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

Levy G, Lutz I, Krüger A, Kloas W.

Environ Res. 2004 Jan;94(1):102-11.PMID: 14643292 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Effects of a model androgen (methyl testosterone) and a model anti-androgen (cyproterone acetate) on reproductive endocrine endpoints in a short-term adult mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) bioassay.

Sharpe RL, MacLatchy DL, Courtenay SC, Van Der Kraak GJ.

Aquat Toxicol. 2004 Apr 28;67(3):203-15.PMID: 15063071 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles