1: PRKAA2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit [ Homo sapiens ]

GeneID: 5563 updated 8-Nov-2009

[Top][Help]Summary

Official Symbol
PRKAA2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunitprovided by HGNC
Primary Source
HGNC:9377
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000162409; HPRD:02735; MIM:600497
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
AMPK; AMPK2; PRKAA; PRKAA2
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this catalytic subunit may control whole-body insulin sensitivity and is necessary for maintaining myocardial energy homeostasis during ischemia. [provided by RefSeq]

[Top][Help]Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

(plus) Go to reference sequence detailsTry our new Sequence Viewer


[Top][Help]Genomic context

chromosome: 1; Location: 1p31See PRKAA2 in MapViewer

[Top][Help]Bibliography

Related Articles in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Function What's a GeneRIF?

PubMed 1. resistin induces insulin resistance in HepG2 cells at least partly via induction of SOCS-3 expression and reduction of Akt phosphorylation through an AMPK-independent mechanism
PubMed 2. Data suggest that genistein in combination with capsaicin exerts anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties through the modulation of AMPK and COX-2 and possibly various mitogen-activated protein kinases synergistically or nonsynergistically.
PubMed 3. Variants in genes for AMPKalpha2 and AMPKgamma3 were not associated with PCOS or its component traits.
PubMed 4. Results suggest that the mechanism by which PTP1B regulates adiposity and leptin sensitivity likely involves the coordinated regulation of AMPK in hypothalamus and peripheral tissues.
PubMed 5. Treatment with globular adiponectin significantly reduced simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury induced apoptosis in WT cardiomyocytes as well as in AMPK-alpha2 dominant negative cardiomyocytes.
PubMed 6. Inhibition of de novo purine synthesis in human prostate cells results in ATP depletion, AMPK and p53 activation, and induces senescence.
PubMed 7. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 8. The phosphorylation of GFAT1 at Ser243 by AMPK has an important role in the regulation of the GFAT1 enzymatic activity.
PubMed 9. A novel AMPK-mediated regulatory pathway that regulates PGC-1alpha gene expression.
PubMed 10. AMPK alpha2 activity, AMPK alpha2 Thr172 phosphorylation, and ACC-beta Ser222 phosphorylation were increased immediately after exercise. These increases had all returned to basal levels at 3 and 24 h after exercise.
PubMed 11. Results demonstrate that AMPK-alpha1 and AMPK-alpha2 activity and fuel selection in skeletal muscle in response to exercise can be manipulated by diet and/or the interactive effects of diet and exercise training.
PubMed 12. alpha2 But not alpha1 AMP-activated protein kinase mediates oxidative stress-induced inhibition of retinal pigment epithelium cell phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments
PubMed 13. genetic variants of LKB1-AMPK-TORC2 pathway components may exert a weak influence on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese
PubMed 14. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 15. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 16. AA454543 may have a role in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma after partial hepatectomy
PubMed 17. results suggest that nuclear translocation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase might mediate the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle gene and protein expression
PubMed 18. LKB1 kinase, which is associated with Peutz-Jeghers cancer-susceptibility syndrome, phosphorylates and activates AMPK in vitro.
PubMed 19. data suggest that moderate endurance exercise promotes glucose transport, GLUT4 expression, and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle at least partially via activation of the alpha2 isoform of AMPK
PubMed 20. AMPK and eEF2 kinase may provide a key link between cellular energy status and the inhibition of protein synthesis, a major consumer of metabolic energy
PubMed 21. These data suggest that prolonged hypoxia promotes the expression and functional activation of AMPKalpha2 and VEGF production in glioma cell lines and glioblastoma multiform tumors, thus contributing to tumor survival and angiogenesis in gliomas.
PubMed 22. AMPK signaling is not a key regulatory system of muscle substrate combustion during prolonged exercise and marked activation of AMPK via phosphorylation is not sufficient to maintain an elevated ACCbeta Ser(221) phosphorylation during prolonged exercise
PubMed 23. AMPK is a novel and critical component of HIF-1 regulation, implying its involvement in vanadate-induced prostate carcinogenesis
PubMed 24. Findings indicate that AMPK activation in skeletal muscle during exercise is not sensitive to changes in plasma glucose levels in the normal range.
PubMed 25. This study demonstrates that protein content and basal AMPK activity in human skeletal muscle are highly susceptible to endurance exercise training.
PubMed 26. Results indicate that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)alpha negatively regulates acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and hepatic lipid content.
PubMed 27. AMPK has a role in the phenobarbital induction of CYP2B gene expression
PubMed 28. causes inappropriate AMP kinase activation, which leads to glycogen accumulation and heart conduction system disease when transfected into mice
PubMed 29. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta phosphorylation is especially sensitive to exercise and tightly coupled to AMPK signaling and that AMPK activation does not depend on AMPK kinase activation during exercise.
PubMed 30. AMPK has a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF and a potential role in tumor angiogenesis
PubMed 31. Overexpression of CaMKKbeta in mammalian cells increases AMPK activity, whereas pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK, or downregulation of CaMKKbeta using RNA interference, almost completely abolishes AMPK activation
PubMed 32. There is a significant basal activity and phosphorylation of AMPK in LKB1-deficient cells that can be stimulated by Ca2+ ionophores, and studies using the CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 and isoform-specific siRNAs show that CaMKKbeta is required for this effect
PubMed 33. AMPK has a central role in stimulus-response coupling by hypoxia
PubMed 34. AMPK is a major regulator of skeletal muscle HSL activity that can override beta-adrenergic stimulation
PubMed 35. Role of AMPK in tolerance to glucose starvation in cell lines
PubMed 36. Regulation of channel gating by AMP-activated protein kinase modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity in lung submucosal cells.
PubMed 37. Oral glucose ingestion attenuates the exercise-induced activation of alpha2-AMPK, bringing further support for a fuel-sensing role of AMPK in skeletal muscle.
PubMed 38. PRKAA2 gene influences insulin resistance and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
PubMed 39. Hepatic amino acid-dependent signaling is under the control of AMP-dependent protein kinase.
PubMed 40. Overexpression of mutant AMPK-alpha1 enhanced forskolin-stimulated I short-circuit currents, consistent with dominant-negative reduction in inhibition of CFTR by endogenous AMPK.
PubMed 41. endothelial AMPK signaling may be a critical determinant of blood vessel recruitment to tissues that are subjected to ischemic stress.

[Top][Help]Interactions

Description ..........
  Product Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs          
 
  NP_006243.1   Leptin   LEP      HPRD    PubMed
LKB1 interacts with AMPK-alpha.
  NP_006243.2   NP_000446.1   STK11      BIND    PubMed
Two-hybrid
  BioGRID:111550   BioGRID:111558   PRKAG1      BioGRID    PubMed

[Top][Help]General gene information

Markers

D1S2690(e-PCR), detects polymorphism
Links: UniSTS:14341
PRKAA2(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:479768
SHGC-74882(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:41280
SHGC-68634(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:95555
D1S2084(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:49232
GDB:573976(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:157783
SHGC-35382(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:68708
PRKAA2_1075(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:277615
SHGC-141488(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:181951
SHGC-74886(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:53448
D1S2056E(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:16629

Homology

Homologs of the PRKAA2 gene The PRKAA2 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, mosquito, C.elegans, S.pombe, S.cerevisiae, K.lactis, E.gossypii, M.grisea, and rice.


Map Viewer (Mouse, Rat)

Pathways

KEGG pathway: Adipocytokine signaling pathway
04920
KEGG pathway: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
05410
KEGG pathway: Insulin signaling pathway
04910
KEGG pathway: Regulation of autophagy
04140
KEGG pathway: mTOR signaling pathway
04150
Reactome Event:Integration of energy metabolism
REACT_1505

[Top][Help]General protein information

Preferred Names
AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 catalytic subunit
Names
AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 catalytic subunit
AMPK-alpha-2 chain
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic alpha-2 chain
NP_006243.2
EC 2.7.11.1

[Top][Help]NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_006252.3NP_006243.2  AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 catalytic subunit

    Source sequence(s)
    AL035705,BC069740,BM979925,DA710012
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS605.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P54646
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00180
    Location:15268
    Blast Score: 731
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain. Phosphotransferases of the serine or threonine-specific kinase subfamily. The enzymatic activity of these protein kinases is controlled by phosphorylation of specific residues in the activation...
    smart00220
    Location:26268
    Blast Score: 768
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.1

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Genome Reference Consortium Human Build 37 (GRCh37), Primary_Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.10

    Range
    57110989..57181007
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NT_032977.9 

    Range
    27082907..27152925
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (Celera)

Genomic

  1. AC_000044.1

    Range
    55395856..55465884
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NW_921351.1 

    Range
    31256714..31326742
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (HuRef)

Genomic

  1. AC_000133.1

    Range
    55223513..55293426, complement
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NW_001838579.2 

    Range
    26501295..26571208, complement
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

[Top][Help]Related Sequences

  Nucleotide   Protein
  genomic   AC099789.2  (93938..103050)   None
  genomic   AL035705.22   CAC17574.2
  genomic   CH471059.2   EAX06650.1
  mRNA   AI732856.1   None
  mRNA   AK314011.1   BAG36722.1
  mRNA   AL596521.1   None
  mRNA   AL710110.1   None
  mRNA   BC043195.2   None
  mRNA   BC069680.1   AAH69680.1
  mRNA   BC069740.1   AAH69740.1
  mRNA   BC069823.1   AAH69823.1
  mRNA   BM979925.1   None
  mRNA   CB985850.1   None
  mRNA   CF552084.1   None
  mRNA   DA710012.1   None
  mRNA   EF056019.1   ABK30810.1
  mRNA   U06454.1   AAA64745.1
Protein Accession   Links
AAB32732.1   GenPept   
P54646.2   GenPept   UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P54646

[Top][Help]Additional Links