Protein Kinase D3 (PKD3) Requires Hsp90 for Stability and Promotion of Prostate Cancer Cell Migration

Cells. 2023 Jan 4;12(2):212. doi: 10.3390/cells12020212.

Abstract

Prostate cancer metastasis is a significant cause of mortality in men. PKD3 facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, however, its regulation is largely unclear. The Hsp90 chaperone stabilizes an array of signaling client proteins, thus is an enabler of the malignant phenotype. Here, using different prostate cancer cell lines, we report that Hsp90 ensures PKD3 conformational stability and function to promote cancer cell migration. We found that pharmacological inhibition of either PKDs or Hsp90 dose-dependently abrogated the migration of DU145 and PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cells. Hsp90 inhibition by ganetespib caused a dose-dependent depletion of PKD2, PKD3, and Akt, which are all involved in metastasis formation. Proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between Hsp90 and PKD3. Inhibition of the chaperone-client interaction induced misfolding and proteasomal degradation of PKD3. PKD3 siRNA combined with ganetespib treatment demonstrated a specific involvement of PKD3 in DU145 and PC3 cell migration, which was entirely dependent on Hsp90. Finally, ectopic expression of PKD3 enhanced migration of non-metastatic LNCaP cells in an Hsp90-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings identify PKD3 as an Hsp90 client and uncover a potential mechanism of Hsp90 in prostate cancer metastasis. The molecular interaction revealed here may regulate other biological and pathological functions.

Keywords: heat shock protein 90; metastasis; migration; prostate cancer; protein kinase D.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Prostatic Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism

Substances

  • protein kinase C nu
  • Protein Kinase C
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the K-124813 grant by NKFI Fund of National Research, Development and Innovation Office to T.V., and by a grant from the Hungarian Science Foundation OTKA K-116525 to C.S. as well as OTKA K-131458 to P.C. Project no. TKP2021-EGA-24 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme to M.C. and P.C.