BACKGROUND A retrospective case-control study was carried out to assess the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in liver transplantation (LT) recipients and its related risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 131 patients undergoing LT from December 2017 to June 2019 at Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, China. AKI and its classification were defined according to KDIGO guidelines. We collected patients' demographic characteristics and perioperative parameters, and identified independent risk factors of AKI by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We included 122 patients in analysis. AKI occurred in 52 (42.6%) patients (22.1% stage I, 8.2% stage II, and 12.3% stage III). AKI was notably associated with 12 factors: sex, body mass index (BMI), hepatic etiology, MELD score, ascites, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio of prothrombin time (INR), preoperative total bilirubin (TBIL), operative time, total fluid intake, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and estimated blood loss (EBL) (P<0.05). The factors independently associated with AKI were BMI (adjusted odds ratio: 0.605, 95% confidence interval: 0.425-0.859; P=0.005) and intraoperative FFP infusion (adjusted odds ratio: 0.998, 95% confidence interval: 0.995-1.000; P=0.047). Compared with the non-AKI group, the AKI group showed higher likelihood of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and longer ICU and hospital stays, higher in-hospital mortality, and higher hospitalization costs (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a high risk of AKI in patients undergoing LT. BMI and intraoperative FFP infusion are factors independently correlated with AKI. AKI can result in extended hospital stays and higher hospitalization expenses.