Phosphoinositide-binding proteins mark, shape and functionally modulate highly-diverged endocytic compartments in the parasitic protist Giardia lamblia

PLoS Pathog. 2020 Feb 24;16(2):e1008317. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008317. eCollection 2020 Feb.

Abstract

Phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PIPs) are key membrane lipid residues involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). CME relies on PIP species PI(4,5)P2 to mark endocytic sites at the plasma membrane (PM) associated to clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation. The highly diverged parasitic protist Giardia lamblia presents disordered and static clathrin assemblies at PM invaginations, contacting specialized endocytic organelles called peripheral vacuoles (PVs). The role for clathrin assemblies in fluid phase uptake and their link to internal membranes via PIP-binding adaptors is unknown. Here we provide evidence for a robust link between clathrin assemblies and fluid-phase uptake in G. lamblia mediated by proteins carrying predicted PX, FYVE and NECAP1 PIP-binding modules. We show that chemical and genetic perturbation of PIP-residue binding and turnover elicits novel uptake and organelle-morphology phenotypes. A combination of co-immunoprecipitation and in silico analysis techniques expands the initial PIP-binding network with addition of new members. Our data indicate that, despite the partial conservation of lipid markers and protein cohorts known to play important roles in dynamic endocytic events in well-characterized model systems, the Giardia lineage presents a strikingly divergent clathrin-centered network. This includes several PIP-binding modules, often associated to domains of currently unknown function that shape and modulate fluid-phase uptake at PVs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biological Transport
  • Carrier Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Clathrin / metabolism
  • Clathrin-Coated Vesicles
  • Endocytosis / physiology
  • Giardia lamblia / genetics*
  • Giardia lamblia / metabolism*
  • Giardia lamblia / parasitology
  • Giardiasis / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositols / metabolism*
  • Vacuoles / metabolism

Substances

  • Carrier Proteins
  • Clathrin
  • Phosphatidylinositols

Grants and funding

ABH was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grants 140803 and 125389; CF was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant PR00P3_179813 (www.snsf.ch). The funders played no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.