The effect of intraparenchymal blood patching on the rate of pneumothorax in patients undergoing percutaneous CT-guided core biopsy of the lung

Eur J Radiol. 2019 Jul:116:14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.04.010. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the effect of intraparenchymal blood patching (IBP) as well as tumor- and operator-related risk factors on the rate of pneumothoraxes after percutaneous CT-guided core needle biopsy of the lung.

Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 868 CT-guided lung biopsies that were conducted at our institution between 2003 and 2018, of which 419 (48%) received an IBP. Outcome variable included the rates of pneumothorax and chest tube placement, as well as lesion size (<3 cm versus ≥3 cm long axis diameter), lesion depth (≤2 cm, >2-4 cm, >4-5 cm and >5 cm distance to the pleura), location within the lungs (upper lobe, lower lobe, middle lobe), needle caliber (13 G, 15 G, 17 G, 19 G), number of samples taken (1-3 versus ≥4 samples), and experience of the performing physician.

Results: The rate of pneumothorax was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group with IBP (10.7%) compared to the group without IBP (15.4%). The number of post-interventional chest tube placements was also lower in the IBP group (3.1% vs. 5.8%) but not statistically significant. The lesion size correlated negatively with the rate of pneumothoraxes, whereas in both groups (±IBP) lesions ≥ 3 cm showed a significantly lower rate of pneumothorax (p < 0.05). With increasing lesion depth, the pneumothorax rate increased with (p < 0.01) and without (p < 0.001) IBP. The rate of pneumothorax was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for 17 G needles with IBP, but not for other calibers. For biopsies in the lower lobe, the pneumothorax rate reduced significantly (p < 0.001) with IBP. In case of ≥4 tissue samples, the pneumothorax rate was significantly lower with IBP (p < 0.01). For experienced operators, the overall pneumothorax rate was significantly lower compared to less experienced operators (p < 0001).

Conclusions: IBP significantly reduces the rate of pneumothorax following CT-guided lung biopsies in particular for lesions located deeper in the lungs, when ≥4 samples are taken, when samples are taken by less-experienced operators, and when sampling from the lower lobes.

Keywords: Blood patching; Lung biopsy; Pneumothorax.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biological Therapy / methods*
  • Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / adverse effects
  • Chest Tubes / statistics & numerical data
  • Clinical Competence / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / adverse effects
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / methods
  • Lung / diagnostic imaging
  • Lung / pathology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pneumothorax / epidemiology*
  • Pneumothorax / prevention & control*
  • Radiography, Interventional / methods*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*
  • Young Adult