Re-Exploration of Microvascular Decompression in Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia and Intraoperative Management Options

World Neurosurg. 2018 Sep:117:e67-e74. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.147. Epub 2018 May 29.

Abstract

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is a debilitating disorder, and in patients for whom medical management is not sufficient, there are several therapeutic options. Microvascular decompression (MVD) for TGN has been shown to be highly effective; however, pain does recur after MVD in some patients. Therapeutic options for recurrent TGN are the same as those for primary TGN, including re-exploration of MVD (re-MVD). In this study we review our practice of re-MVD, comparing it with alternative options and assessing its safety and efficacy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients undergoing re-MVD between 2007 and 2016.

Results: Thirty-two patients underwent re-MVD, all with a Barrow Neurosurgical Institute Pain Index (BNPI) of IV or V. Postoperatively, 87% of patients reported an improvement in their BNPI to III or better, with 50% being BNPI 1 or 2. Eleven patients without distortion or vascular conflict at the time of re-exploration underwent intraoperative neurolysis, and 90% reported improvement in their BNPI. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a median pain-free period of 36 months after re-MVD. There were no significant complications.

Conclusions: Re-MVD is a safe and effective method of treating recurrent TGN. Intraoperative neurolysis is an important tool in re-exploration and should be considered when there is no ongoing compression or distortion of the trigeminal nerve.

Keywords: Microvascular decompression; Re-exploration surgery; Recurrent facial pain; Trigeminal neuralgia.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intraoperative Complications / etiology
  • Intraoperative Complications / mortality
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Memory, Episodic
  • Microvascular Decompression Surgery / methods*
  • Microvascular Decompression Surgery / mortality
  • Middle Aged
  • Recurrence
  • Reoperation / mortality
  • Reoperation / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia / mortality
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia / surgery*