The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in the etiology of chronic pain. In this regard, this study sought to characterize the localization and expression pattern for the NMDAR-2D subunit in a rat model of neuropathic pain. To this end, one group of rats, 3 weeks post-dorsal root rhizotomy (DRR) and a second group, 3 weeks post-spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and sham surgery, were generated. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and/or lumbar spinal cord were excised from DRR, naïve, SNL and sham rats. Both immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis confirmed discrete NMDAR-2D subunit expression within the DRG and dorsal horn. However, no overt differences in staining intensity or expression were noted between DRG and spinal cord sections obtained from the different surgical groups. Results also demonstrated that the NMDAR-2D subunit was present within Neu N+ cells in the spinal cord and DRG, but excluded from cells labeled with the astrocytic marker, GFAP, and the microglial maker, OX-42. Lastly, the NMDAR-2D subunit was not co-expressed within neurokinin-1 (NK-1)+ or neurofilament-52 (N-52)+ neurons, but the antibody did co-label a number of isolectin B4+ (IB4) DRG cells. Together, these findings seem to suggest that the NMDAR-2D receptor subunit is present within the cell body region of a population of small diameter sensory afferents and post-synaptically within second order dorsal horn neurons. Although these data suggest that the NMDAR-2D subunit is well poised anatomically to modulate pain neurotransmission, the expression pattern for this subunit is not altered in rats demonstrating the presence of neuropathic-like pain behavior.