Although the concept of pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was first introduced more than 60 years ago, treatment of this disorder remains more controversial than ever. It is hoped, however, that the recent Consensus Development Conference (CDC) Statement on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD will not only help answer some of the questions surrounding management of this disorder, but also lend needed scientific weight to debate in this area. While more research in ADHD is needed, the CDC participants pointed to a solid body of evidence showing that careful medication management can result in noticeable improvement in several measures, with little risk of adverse events.