Development of the human true vocal fold: depth of cell layers and quantifying cell types within the lamina propria

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2006 Oct;115(10):784-8. doi: 10.1177/000348940611501012.

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to further describe the development of the 3-layered human vocal fold in children and to quantify macrophage and myofibroblast concentrations in each layer.

Methods: We used an optical analysis software package to examine 8 longitudinally sectioned human vocal folds that had been fixed in formalin (ages 2 days to 14 years).

Results: The 2-day-old vocal fold contained only a monolayer of cells. This became a bilayer by 5 months, and a trilayer began to become evident by 7 years. The percent of total depth represented by the superficial layer of the lamina propria (SLP) gradually decreased with age. The SLP made up 22% of the total lamina propria by age 7 years; this percentage approximates that in the adult vocal fold. Macrophages and myofibroblasts were predominately found in the SLP, and began to be apparent by 11 months of age.

Conclusions: These results help describe the development of human voice and may have implications as to when phonosurgical therapy can be considered for children.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Autopsy
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Fibroblasts / cytology*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Macrophages / cytology*
  • Male
  • Mucous Membrane / cytology
  • Mucous Membrane / growth & development*
  • Vocal Cords / cytology
  • Vocal Cords / growth & development*