PIP: The purpose of this study was to document the current status of, and to determine the need for, early childhood care and education in South Africa. The study included an assessment of the training needs of child carers and other individuals interested in working with young children in urban and rural areas of the region. A total of 373 African men and women with varied occupations and educational attainment were recruited in the study. A survey methodology was employed to obtain desired information. The study showed that families and communities, who have previously responded to the needs of young children including education, health, and nutrition, could no longer meet these needs because of social and economic dynamics. Training, training centers, infrastructure, and the integration of African culture in early childhood are perceived to be compelling needs. Several recommendations for policy and programs are presented.