1,3-Butadiene is one of the most commonly produced chemicals in the United States. It is also a known human and animal carcinogen. Information about 1,3-butadiene induced neurotoxicity is scarce. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of 1,3-butadiene accidental contact on neurological function in humans known to be environmentally exposed to the chemical. Known clinical neurological criterions were applied for the identification and evaluation of 1,3-butadiene neurotoxicity. Statistical analysis was conducted on the collected neurological parameters from a random cohort of 310 patients who had been environmentally exposed to 1,3-butadiene and compared with a cohort of 50 matched individuals with similar backgrounds but who were not exposed to 1,3-butadiene (control). Results indicate that 1,3-butadiene has met the criteria and features of a neurotoxin. Exposure to 1,3-butadiene provokes neurological risks that were reversible in most patients. About 6% (18 patients) of the exposed patients demonstrated irreversible neurotoxicity that may need to be longitudinally scrutinized.