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Comment on: Reyna et al. (2008) Elevated toll-like receptor 4 expression and signaling in muscle from insulin-resistant subjects. Diabetes 57:2595-2602.

Shapiro H, Singer P, Attal-Singer J.

Diabetes. 2009 Apr;58(4):e5; author reply e6-7. No abstract available. PMID: 19336685 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Elevated toll-like receptor 4 expression and signaling in muscle from insulin-resistant subjects.

Reyna SM, Ghosh S, Tantiwong P, Meka CS, Eagan P, Jenkinson CP, Cersosimo E, Defronzo RA, Coletta DK, Sriwijitkamol A, Musi N.

Diabetes. 2008 Oct;57(10):2595-602. Epub 2008 Jul 15.PMID: 18633101 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Inhibition or deletion of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor-4 confers partial protection against lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodent skeletal muscle.

Radin MS, Sinha S, Bhatt BA, Dedousis N, O'Doherty RM.

Diabetologia. 2008 Feb;51(2):336-46. Epub 2007 Dec 1.PMID: 18060381 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Gene expression profiling in skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty rats: implications for a role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in insulin resistance.

Voss MD, Beha A, Tennagels N, Tschank G, Herling AW, Quint M, Gerl M, Metz-Weidmann C, Haun G, Korn M.

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Expression of key genes of fatty acid oxidation, including adiponectin receptors, in skeletal muscle of Type 2 diabetic patients.

Debard C, Laville M, Berbe V, Loizon E, Guillet C, Morio-Liondore B, Boirie Y, Vidal H.

Diabetologia. 2004 May;47(5):917-25. Epub 2004 May 1.PMID: 15127202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: is it important for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes after all?

Koistinen HA, Zierath JR.

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Hypothesis: muscle insulin resistance is the ("not-so") thrifty genotype.

Reaven GM.

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Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 is associated with insulin resistance in adipocytes.

Song MJ, Kim KH, Yoon JM, Kim JB.

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Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity.

Kim F, Pham M, Luttrell I, Bannerman DD, Tupper J, Thaler J, Hawn TR, Raines EW, Schwartz MW.

Circ Res. 2007 Jun 8;100(11):1589-96. Epub 2007 May 3.PMID: 17478729 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Reduced skeletal muscle inhibitor of kappaB beta content is associated with insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes: reversal by exercise training.

Sriwijitkamol A, Christ-Roberts C, Berria R, Eagan P, Pratipanawatr T, DeFronzo RA, Mandarino LJ, Musi N.

Diabetes. 2006 Mar;55(3):760-7.PMID: 16505240 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Sulfasalazine and BAY 11-7082 interfere with the nuclear factor-kappa B and I kappa B kinase pathway to regulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in vitro.

Lappas M, Yee K, Permezel M, Rice GE.

Endocrinology. 2005 Mar;146(3):1491-7. Epub 2004 Nov 24.PMID: 15564333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Functional inactivation of the IGF-I and insulin receptors in skeletal muscle causes type 2 diabetes.

Fernández AM, Kim JK, Yakar S, Dupont J, Hernandez-Sanchez C, Castle AL, Filmore J, Shulman GI, Le Roith D.

Genes Dev. 2001 Aug 1;15(15):1926-34.PMID: 11485987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Impaired mitochondrial activity in the insulin-resistant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman GI.

N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 12;350(7):664-71.PMID: 14960743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Plasma fatty acids, adiposity, and variance of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Kelley DE, Williams KV, Price JC, McKolanis TM, Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5412-9.PMID: 11701715 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

v- and t-SNARE protein expression in models of insulin resistance: normalization of glycemia by rosiglitazone treatment corrects overexpression of cellubrevin, vesicle-associated membrane protein-2, and syntaxin 4 in skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Maier VH, Melvin DR, Lister CA, Chapman H, Gould GW, Murphy GJ.

Diabetes. 2000 Apr;49(4):618-25.PMID: 10871200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in normoglycemic subjects with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation.

Pratipanawatr W, Pratipanawatr T, Cusi K, Berria R, Adams JM, Jenkinson CP, Maezono K, DeFronzo RA, Mandarino LJ.

Diabetes. 2001 Nov;50(11):2572-8.PMID: 11679436 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of PGC1 and NRF1.

Patti ME, Butte AJ, Crunkhorn S, Cusi K, Berria R, Kashyap S, Miyazaki Y, Kohane I, Costello M, Saccone R, Landaker EJ, Goldfine AB, Mun E, DeFronzo R, Finlayson J, Kahn CR, Mandarino LJ.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8466-71. Epub 2003 Jun 27.PMID: 12832613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Impaired mitochondrial activity in the insulin-resistant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman GI. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 664-71.

Razak F, Anand SS.

Vasc Med. 2004 May;9(3):223-4. No abstract available. PMID: 15675189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Loss-of-function mutation in Toll-like receptor 4 prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.

Tsukumo DM, Carvalho-Filho MA, Carvalheira JB, Prada PO, Hirabara SM, Schenka AA, Araújo EP, Vassallo J, Curi R, Velloso LA, Saad MJ.

Diabetes. 2007 Aug;56(8):1986-98. Epub 2007 May 22.PMID: 17519423 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Fatty acids and insulin resistance in muscle and liver.

Kovacs P, Stumvoll M.

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;19(4):625-35. Review.PMID: 16311221 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles