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Persisting atypical and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and local inflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Miklossy J, Kasas S, Zurn AD, McCall S, Yu S, McGeer PL.

J Neuroinflammation. 2008 Sep 25;5:40.PMID: 18817547 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Toll-like receptors: insights into their possible role in the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis.

Bernardino AL, Myers TA, Alvarez X, Hasegawa A, Philipp MT.

Infect Immun. 2008 Oct;76(10):4385-95. Epub 2008 Aug 11.PMID: 18694963 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Microglia are mediators of Borrelia burgdorferi-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells.

Myers TA, Kaushal D, Philipp MT.

PLoS Pathog. 2009 Nov;5(11):e1000659. Epub 2009 Nov 13.PMID: 19911057 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Interaction of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi with brain parenchyma elicits inflammatory mediators from glial cells as well as glial and neuronal apoptosis.

Ramesh G, Borda JT, Dufour J, Kaushal D, Ramamoorthy R, Lackner AA, Philipp MT.

Am J Pathol. 2008 Nov;173(5):1415-27. Epub 2008 Oct 2.PMID: 18832582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Borrelia burgdorferi persists in the brain in chronic lyme neuroborreliosis and may be associated with Alzheimer disease.

Miklossy J, Khalili K, Gern L, Ericson RL, Darekar P, Bolle L, Hurlimann J, Paster BJ.

J Alzheimers Dis. 2004 Dec;6(6):639-49; discussion 673-81.PMID: 15665404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Possible role of glial cells in the onset and progression of Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Ramesh G, Borda JT, Gill A, Ribka EP, Morici LA, Mottram P, Martin DS, Jacobs MB, Didier PJ, Philipp MT.

J Neuroinflammation. 2009 Aug 25;6:23.PMID: 19706181 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Borrelia burgdorferi induces matrix metalloproteinases by neural cultures.

Perides G, Tanner-Brown LM, Eskildsen MA, Klempner MS.

J Neurosci Res. 1999 Dec 15;58(6):779-90.PMID: 10583909 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins induce both proliferation and apoptosis in rhesus monkey astrocytes.

Ramesh G, Alvarez AL, Roberts ED, Dennis VA, Lasater BL, Alvarez X, Philipp MT.

Eur J Immunol. 2003 Sep;33(9):2539-50.PMID: 12938230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

The pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to inflammation.

Rupprecht TA, Koedel U, Fingerle V, Pfister HW.

Mol Med. 2008 Mar-Apr;14(3-4):205-12. Review.PMID: 18097481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

The rhesus model of Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Pachner AR, Gelderblom H, Cadavid D.

Immunol Rev. 2001 Oct;183:186-204. Review. Erratum in: Immunol Rev. 2002 Sep;187:139. PMID: 11782257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1, Erk2, and p38 in the response of astrocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins.

Ramesh G, Philipp MT.

Neurosci Lett. 2005 Aug 12-19;384(1-2):112-6.PMID: 15893422 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Phenotypes indicating cytolytic properties of Borrelia-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells in chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Ekerfelt C, Jarefors S, Tynngård N, Hedlund M, Sander B, Bergström S, Forsberg P, Ernerudh J.

J Neuroimmunol. 2003 Dec;145(1-2):115-26.PMID: 14644037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Borrelia burgdorferi Induces TLR1 and TLR2 in human microglia and peripheral blood monocytes but differentially regulates HLA-class II expression.

Cassiani-Ingoni R, Cabral ES, Lünemann JD, Garza Z, Magnus T, Gelderblom H, Munson PJ, Marques A, Martin R.

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006 Jun;65(6):540-8.PMID: 16783164 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Invasion of human neuronal and glial cells by an infectious strain of Borrelia burgdorferi.

Livengood JA, Gilmore RD Jr.

Microbes Infect. 2006 Nov-Dec;8(14-15):2832-40. Epub 2006 Sep 22.PMID: 17045505 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells recognize Borrelia burgdorferi lysine-enriched protein domains and central nervous system autoantigens in early lyme encephalitis.

Lünemann JD, Gelderblom H, Sospedra M, Quandt JA, Pinilla C, Marques A, Martin R.

Infect Immun. 2007 Jan;75(1):243-51. Epub 2006 Oct 23.PMID: 17060473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Borrelia burgdorferi induces inflammatory mediator production by murine microglia.

Rasley A, Anguita J, Marriott I.

J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Sep;130(1-2):22-31.PMID: 12225885 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

[Clinical forms of neuroborreliosis among hospitalized patients in the years 2000-2005]

Czupryna P, Kuśmierczyk J, Zajkowska JM, Ciemerych M, Kondrusik M, Ciemerych A, Pancewicz SA.

Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007 Aug;23(134):103-6. Polish. PMID: 18044338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Concentration of TGF-beta1 in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures from patients with early disseminated and chronic lyme borreliosis.

Grygorczuk S, Chmielewski T, Zajkowska J, Swierzbińska R, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S, Hermanowska-Szpakowicz T.

Adv Med Sci. 2007;52:174-8.PMID: 18217413 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Spinal cord involvement in the nonhuman primate model of Lyme disease.

Bai Y, Narayan K, Dail D, Sondey M, Hodzic E, Barthold SW, Pachner AR, Cadavid D.

Lab Invest. 2004 Feb;84(2):160-72.PMID: 14688796 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Relevance of the antibody index to diagnose Lyme neuroborreliosis among seropositive patients.

Blanc F, Jaulhac B, Fleury M, de Seze J, de Martino SJ, Remy V, Blaison G, Hansmann Y, Christmann D, Tranchant C.

Neurology. 2007 Sep 4;69(10):953-8.PMID: 17785663 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles