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Aerobic exercise overcomes the age-related insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism by improving endothelial function and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.

Fujita S, Rasmussen BB, Cadenas JG, Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Sattler FR, Volpi E.

Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1615-22. Epub 2007 Mar 9.PMID: 17351147 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis.

Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB.

J Appl Physiol. 2007 Sep;103(3):903-10. Epub 2007 Jun 14. Erratum in: J Appl Physiol. 2008 Apr;104(4):1256. PMID: 17569770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Leucine-enriched essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise enhances mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in human muscle.

Dreyer HC, Drummond MJ, Pennings B, Fujita S, Glynn EL, Chinkes DL, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb;294(2):E392-400. Epub 2007 Dec 4.PMID: 18056791 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism in aging.

Rasmussen BB, Fujita S, Wolfe RR, Mittendorfer B, Roy M, Rowe VL, Volpi E.

FASEB J. 2006 Apr;20(6):768-9. Epub 2006 Feb 7.PMID: 16464955 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Supraphysiological hyperinsulinaemia is necessary to stimulate skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older adults: evidence of a true age-related insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism.

Fujita S, Glynn EL, Timmerman KL, Rasmussen BB, Volpi E.

Diabetologia. 2009 Sep;52(9):1889-98. Epub 2009 Jul 9.PMID: 19588121 [PubMed - in process]Related articles

Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway acutely inhibits insulin signaling to Akt and glucose transport in 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes.

Tremblay F, Gagnon A, Veilleux A, Sorisky A, Marette A.

Endocrinology. 2005 Mar;146(3):1328-37. Epub 2004 Dec 2.PMID: 15576463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Resistance exercise decreases eIF2Bepsilon phosphorylation and potentiates the feeding-induced stimulation of p70S6K1 and rpS6 in young men.

Glover EI, Oates BR, Tang JE, Moore DR, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Aug;295(2):R604-10. Epub 2008 Jun 18.PMID: 18565837 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Chronic aerobic exercise enhances components of the classical and novel insulin signalling cascades in Sprague-Dawley rat skeletal muscle.

Bernard JR, Crain AM, Rivas DA, Herr HJ, Reeder DW, Yaspelkis BB 3rd.

Acta Physiol Scand. 2005 Apr;183(4):357-66.PMID: 15799772 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Evidence against a role for insulin-signaling proteins PI 3-kinase and Akt in insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle induced by short-term GH infusion.

Jessen N, Djurhuus CB, Jørgensen JO, Jensen LS, Møller N, Lund S, Schmitz O.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jan;288(1):E194-9. Epub 2004 Aug 31.PMID: 15339744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Increased activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in liver and skeletal muscle of obese rats: possible involvement in obesity-linked insulin resistance.

Khamzina L, Veilleux A, Bergeron S, Marette A.

Endocrinology. 2005 Mar;146(3):1473-81. Epub 2004 Dec 16.PMID: 15604215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Insulin action on muscle protein kinetics and amino acid transport during recovery after resistance exercise.

Biolo G, Williams BD, Fleming RY, Wolfe RR.

Diabetes. 1999 May;48(5):949-57.PMID: 10331397 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Fed-state clamp stimulates cellular mechanisms of muscle protein anabolism and modulates glucose disposal in normal men.

Adegoke OA, Chevalier S, Morais JA, Gougeon R, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Wing SS, Marliss EB.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;296(1):E105-13. Epub 2008 Oct 28.PMID: 18957614 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Postexercise protein metabolism in older and younger men following moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.

Sheffield-Moore M, Yeckel CW, Volpi E, Wolf SE, Morio B, Chinkes DL, Paddon-Jones D, Wolfe RR.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;287(3):E513-22. Epub 2004 May 18.PMID: 15149953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men.

Hulmi JJ, Tannerstedt J, Selänne H, Kainulainen H, Kovanen V, Mero AA.

J Appl Physiol. 2009 May;106(5):1720-9. Epub 2009 Mar 19.PMID: 19299575 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Blunting of insulin inhibition of proteolysis in legs of older subjects may contribute to age-related sarcopenia.

Wilkes EA, Selby AL, Atherton PJ, Patel R, Rankin D, Smith K, Rennie MJ.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov;90(5):1343-50. Epub 2009 Sep 9.PMID: 19740975 [PubMed - in process]Related articles

Amino acids are necessary for the insulin-induced activation of mTOR/S6K1 signaling and protein synthesis in healthy and insulin resistant human skeletal muscle.

Drummond MJ, Bell JA, Fujita S, Dreyer HC, Glynn EL, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB.

Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;27(3):447-56. Epub 2008 Mar 14.PMID: 18342407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity after exercise in human skeletal muscle.

Wojtaszewski JF, Hansen BF, Gade, Kiens B, Markuns JF, Goodyear LJ, Richter EA.

Diabetes. 2000 Mar;49(3):325-31.PMID: 10868952 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Renal activity of Akt kinase in obese Zucker rats.

Zdychová J, Kazdová L, Pelikanová T, Lindsley JN, Anderson S, Komers R.

Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Oct;233(10):1231-41. Epub 2008 Jul 18.PMID: 18641049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Branched-chain amino acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise.

Blomstrand E, Eliasson J, Karlsson HK, Köhnke R.

J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):269S-73S. Review.PMID: 16365096 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Immediate response of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signalling following acute resistance exercise in rat skeletal muscle.

Bolster DR, Kubica N, Crozier SJ, Williamson DL, Farrell PA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS.

J Physiol. 2003 Nov 15;553(Pt 1):213-20. Epub 2003 Aug 22.PMID: 12937293 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article