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Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA.

Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, Reddy AG, Singh L.

BMC Genet. 2006 Aug 7;7:42.PMID: 16893451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations.

Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins WS, Dixon ME, Ricker CE, Rao BB, Naidu JM, Prasad BV, Reddy PG, Rasanayagam A, Papiha SS, Villems R, Redd AJ, Hammer MF, Nguyen SV, Carroll ML, Batzer MA, Jorde LB.

Genome Res. 2001 Jun;11(6):994-1004.PMID: 11381027 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations.

Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, Metspalu E, Adojaan M, Tolk HV, Stepanov V, Gölge M, Usanga E, Papiha SS, Cinnioğlu C, King R, Cavalli-Sforza L, Underhill PA, Villems R.

Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Feb;72(2):313-32. Epub 2003 Jan 20.PMID: 12536373 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages.

Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M.

Curr Biol. 2004 Feb 3;14(3):231-5.PMID: 14761656 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: evaluating demic diffusion scenarios.

Sahoo S, Singh A, Himabindu G, Banerjee J, Sitalaximi T, Gaikwad S, Trivedi R, Endicott P, Kivisild T, Metspalu M, Villems R, Kashyap VK.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 24;103(4):843-8. Epub 2006 Jan 13.PMID: 16415161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Phylogeography of mtDNA haplogroup R7 in the Indian peninsula.

Chaubey G, Karmin M, Metspalu E, Metspalu M, Selvi-Rani D, Singh VK, Parik J, Solnik A, Naidu BP, Kumar A, Adarsh N, Mallick CB, Trivedi B, Prakash S, Reddy R, Shukla P, Bhagat S, Verma S, Vasnik S, Khan I, Barwa A, Sahoo D, Sharma A, Rashid M, Chandra V, Reddy AG, Torroni A, Foley RA, Thangaraj K, Singh L, Kivisild T, Villems R.

BMC Evol Biol. 2008 Aug 4;8:227.PMID: 18680585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Genetic variation in South Indian castes: evidence from Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal polymorphisms.

Watkins WS, Thara R, Mowry BJ, Zhang Y, Witherspoon DJ, Tolpinrud W, Bamshad MJ, Tirupati S, Padmavati R, Smith H, Nancarrow D, Filippich C, Jorde LB.

BMC Genet. 2008 Dec 12;9:86.PMID: 19077280 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups reveal asymmetric gene flow in populations of Eastern India.

Sahoo S, Kashyap VK.

Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006 Sep;131(1):84-97.PMID: 16485297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Diversity and divergence among the tribal populations of India.

Watkins WS, Prasad BV, Naidu JM, Rao BB, Bhanu BA, Ramachandran B, Das PK, Gai PB, Reddy PC, Reddy PG, Sethuraman M, Bamshad MJ, Jorde LB.

Ann Hum Genet. 2005 Nov;69(Pt 6):680-92.PMID: 16266407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes.

Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S.

Ann Hum Biol. 2009 Jan-Feb;36(1):46-59.PMID: 19058044 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Directional migration in the Hindu castes: inferences from mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal data.

Wooding S, Ostler C, Prasad BV, Watkins WS, Sung S, Bamshad M, Jorde LB.

Hum Genet. 2004 Aug;115(3):221-9. Epub 2004 Jul 1.PMID: 15232732 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Mitochondrial DNA diversity in tribal and caste groups of Maharashtra (India) and its implication on their genetic origins.

Baig MM, Khan AA, Kulkarni KM.

Ann Hum Genet. 2004 Sep;68(Pt 5):453-60.PMID: 15469422 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Y-chromosome SNP haplotypes suggest evidence of gene flow among caste, tribe, and the migrant Siddi populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India.

Ramana GV, Su B, Jin L, Singh L, Wang N, Underhill P, Chakraborty R.

Eur J Hum Genet. 2001 Sep;9(9):695-700.PMID: 11571559 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Ethnic India: a genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure.

Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Roy M, Roy B, Bhattacharyya NP, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP.

Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2277-90.PMID: 14525929 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

mtDNA variation in caste populations of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Bamshad M, Fraley AE, Crawford MH, Cann RL, Busi BR, Naidu JM, Jorde LB.

Hum Biol. 1996 Feb;68(1):1-28.PMID: 8907753 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders.

Karafet TM, Lansing JS, Redd AJ, Reznikova S, Watkins JC, Surata SP, Arthawiguna WA, Mayer L, Bamshad M, Jorde LB, Hammer MF.

Hum Biol. 2005 Feb;77(1):93-114.PMID: 16114819 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Y-chromosomal insights into the genetic impact of the caste system in India.

Zerjal T, Pandya A, Thangaraj K, Ling EY, Kearley J, Bertoneri S, Paracchini S, Singh L, Tyler-Smith C.

Hum Genet. 2007 Mar;121(1):137-44. Epub 2006 Oct 31.PMID: 17075717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Peopling of South Asia: investigating the caste-tribe continuum in India.

Chaubey G, Metspalu M, Kivisild T, Villems R.

Bioessays. 2007 Jan;29(1):91-100.PMID: 17187379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals diverse histories of tribal populations from India.

Cordaux R, Saha N, Bentley GR, Aunger R, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M.

Eur J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar;11(3):253-64.PMID: 12678055 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Microsatellite diversity reveals the interplay of language and geography in shaping genetic differentiation of diverse Proto-Australoid populations of west-central India.

Gaikwad S, Vasulu TS, Kashyap VK.

Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006 Feb;129(2):260-7.PMID: 16323197 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles