PubMed

(-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans.

Schroeter H, Heiss C, Balzer J, Kleinbongard P, Keen CL, Hollenberg NK, Sies H, Kwik-Uribe C, Schmitz HH, Kelm M.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 24;103(4):1024-9. Epub 2006 Jan 17.PMID: 16418281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans.

Fisher ND, Hughes M, Gerhard-Herman M, Hollenberg NK.

J Hypertens. 2003 Dec;21(12):2281-6.PMID: 14654748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers.

Heiss C, Kleinbongard P, Dejam A, Perré S, Schroeter H, Sies H, Kelm M.

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Oct 4;46(7):1276-83.PMID: 16198843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial.

Balzer J, Rassaf T, Heiss C, Kleinbongard P, Lauer T, Merx M, Heussen N, Gross HB, Keen CL, Schroeter H, Kelm M.

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jun 3;51(22):2141-9.PMID: 18510961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Sustained increase in flow-mediated dilation after daily intake of high-flavanol cocoa drink over 1 week.

Heiss C, Finis D, Kleinbongard P, Hoffmann A, Rassaf T, Kelm M, Sies H.

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;49(2):74-80.PMID: 17312446 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Cocoa flavanols and platelet and leukocyte function: recent in vitro and ex vivo studies in healthy adults.

Heptinstall S, May J, Fox S, Kwik-Uribe C, Zhao L.

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S197-205; discussion S206-9.PMID: 16794458 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Chronic consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa improves endothelial function and decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.

Wang-Polagruto JF, Villablanca AC, Polagruto JA, Lee L, Holt RR, Schrader HR, Ensunsa JL, Steinberg FM, Schmitz HH, Keen CL.

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S177-86; discussion S206-9.PMID: 16794456 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Aging and vascular responses to flavanol-rich cocoa.

Fisher ND, Hollenberg NK.

J Hypertens. 2006 Aug;24(8):1575-80.PMID: 16877960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa acutely increases microcirculation in human skin.

Neukam K, Stahl W, Tronnier H, Sies H, Heinrich U.

Eur J Nutr. 2007 Feb;46(1):53-6. Epub 2006 Dec 11.PMID: 17164979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Procyanidin dimer B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in human plasma after the consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa.

Holt RR, Lazarus SA, Sullards MC, Zhu QY, Schramm DD, Hammerstone JF, Fraga CG, Schmitz HH, Keen CL.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct;76(4):798-804.PMID: 12324293 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Influence of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins on free radical-induced human erythrocyte hemolysis.

Zhu QY, Schramm DD, Gross HB, Holt RR, Kim SH, Yamaguchi T, Kwik-Uribe CL, Keen CL.

Clin Dev Immunol. 2005 Mar;12(1):27-34.PMID: 15712596 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Acute and chronic effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in subjects with coronary artery disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Farouque HM, Leung M, Hope SA, Baldi M, Schechter C, Cameron JD, Meredith IT.

Clin Sci (Lond). 2006 Jul;111(1):71-80.PMID: 16551272 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Cocoa polyphenols and inflammatory mediators.

Sies H, Schewe T, Heiss C, Kelm M.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1 Suppl):304S-312S. Review.PMID: 15640495 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Cocoa flavanols lower vascular arginase activity in human endothelial cells in vitro and in erythrocytes in vivo.

Schnorr O, Brossette T, Momma TY, Kleinbongard P, Keen CL, Schroeter H, Sies H.

Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Aug 15;476(2):211-5. Epub 2008 Mar 6.PMID: 18348861 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Long-term ingestion of high flavanol cocoa provides photoprotection against UV-induced erythema and improves skin condition in women.

Heinrich U, Neukam K, Tronnier H, Sies H, Stahl W.

J Nutr. 2006 Jun;136(6):1565-9.PMID: 16702322 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young people.

Francis ST, Head K, Morris PG, Macdonald IA.

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S215-20.PMID: 16794461 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

The effects of flavanol-rich cocoa and aspirin on ex vivo platelet function.

Pearson DA, Paglieroni TG, Rein D, Wun T, Schramm DD, Wang JF, Holt RR, Gosselin R, Schmitz HH, Keen CL.

Thromb Res. 2002 May 15;106(4-5):191-7.PMID: 12297125 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Endothelial function, nitric oxide, and cocoa flavanols.

Heiss C, Schroeter H, Balzer J, Kleinbongard P, Matern S, Sies H, Kelm M.

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S128-35; discussion S172-6. Review.PMID: 16794450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Flavanols for cardiovascular health: the science behind the sweetness.

Fisher ND, Hollenberg NK.

J Hypertens. 2005 Aug;23(8):1453-9. Review.PMID: 16003167 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults.

Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, Malloy MJ, Browne A, Chiu EY, Kwak HK, Milbury P, Paul SM, Blumberg J, Mietus-Snyder ML.

J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):197-204.PMID: 15190043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article