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Science review: carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity - what is the evidence?

Lheureux PE, Penaloza A, Zahir S, Gris M.

Crit Care. 2005 Oct 5;9(5):431-40. Epub 2005 Jun 10. Review.PMID: 16277730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity.

Lheureux PE, Hantson P.

Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Feb;47(2):101-11. Review.PMID: 19280426 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Two cases of valproic acid poisoning treated with L-carnitine.

Chan YC, Tse ML, Lau FL.

Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007 Dec;26(12):967-9.PMID: 18375641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication.

Murakami K, Sugimoto T, Woo M, Nishida N, Muro H.

Epilepsia. 1996 Jul;37(7):687-9.PMID: 8681902 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

A case of hemoperfusion and L-carnitine management in valproic acid overdose.

Jung J, Eo E, Ahn KO.

Am J Emerg Med. 2008 Mar;26(3):388.e3-4.PMID: 18358983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Carnitine as an antidote for acute valproate toxicity in children.

Russell S.

Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007 Apr;19(2):206-10. Review.PMID: 17496767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives.

De Vivo DC, Bohan TP, Coulter DL, Dreifuss FE, Greenwood RS, Nordli DR Jr, Shields WD, Stafstrom CE, Tein I.

Epilepsia. 1998 Nov;39(11):1216-25.PMID: 9821988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

The role of carnitine supplementation during valproic acid therapy.

Raskind JY, El-Chaar GM.

Ann Pharmacother. 2000 May;34(5):630-8. Review.PMID: 10852092 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Valproic acid overdose and L-carnitine therapy.

Ishikura H, Matsuo N, Matsubara M, Ishihara T, Takeyama N, Tanaka T.

J Anal Toxicol. 1996 Jan-Feb;20(1):55-8.PMID: 8837953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

L-carnitine was safely administered in the setting of valproate toxicity.

LoVecchio F, Shriki J, Samaddar R.

Am J Emerg Med. 2005 May;23(3):321-2.PMID: 15915405 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Acute valproate poisoning: pharmacokinetics, alteration in fatty acid metabolism, and changes during therapy.

Eyer F, Felgenhauer N, Gempel K, Steimer W, Gerbitz KD, Zilker T.

J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;25(4):376-80.PMID: 16012283 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Extracorporeal elimination in acute valproic acid poisoning.

Thanacoody RH.

Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Aug;47(7):609-16. Review.PMID: 19656009 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Valproic acid induced encephalopathy--19 new cases in Germany from 1994 to 2003--a side effect associated to VPA-therapy not only in young children.

Gerstner T, Buesing D, Longin E, Bendl C, Wenzel D, Scheid B, Goetze G, Macke A, Lippert G, Klostermann W, Mayer G, Augspach-Hofmann R, Fitzek S, Haensch CA, Reuland M, Koenig SA.

Seizure. 2006 Sep;15(6):443-8. Epub 2006 Jun 19.PMID: 16787750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Carnitine, valproate, and toxicity.

Coulter DL.

J Child Neurol. 1991 Jan;6(1):7-14. Review.PMID: 2002205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

The risk of asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with valproate: relationship to blood carnitine status.

Hamed SA, Abdella MM.

Epilepsy Res. 2009 Sep;86(1):32-41. Epub 2009 May 14.PMID: 19446440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Valproic acid toxicity: overview and management.

Sztajnkrycer MD.

J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(6):789-801. Review. Erratum in: J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(4):215. PMID: 12475192 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Serum carnitine during valproic acid therapy.

Laub MC, Paetzke-Brunner I, Jaeger G.

Epilepsia. 1986 Sep-Oct;27(5):559-62.PMID: 3093213 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Carnitine levels in valproic acid-treated psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional study.

Moreno FA, Macey H, Schreiber B.

J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 May;66(5):555-8.PMID: 15986510 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Impaired fatty acid oxidation in children on valproic acid and the effect of L-carnitine.

Kossak BD, Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Schoeller DA, Rinaldo P, Penn D, Tonsgard JH.

Neurology. 1993 Nov;43(11):2362-8.PMID: 8232957 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Oral valproic acid for epilepsy--long-term experience in therapy and side effects.

Gerstner T, Bell N, König S.

Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Feb;9(2):285-92. Review.PMID: 18201150 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles