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The discrepancy between observational studies and randomized trials of menopausal hormone therapy: did expectations shape experience?

Col NF, Pauker SG.

Ann Intern Med. 2003 Dec 2;139(11):923-9.PMID: 14644895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Recent epidemiological evidence relevant to the clinical management of the menopause.

Shapiro S.

Climacteric. 2007 Oct;10 Suppl 2:2-15. Review.PMID: 17882666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Risk of cardiovascular disease in relation to the use of combined postmenopausal hormone therapy: detection bias and resolution of discrepant findings in two Women's Health Initiative studies.

Shapiro S.

Climacteric. 2006 Dec;9(6):416-20.PMID: 17085373 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Estrogen replacement therapy and the prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.

Contreras I, Parra D.

Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000 Nov 1;57(21):1963-8; quiz 1969-71. Review.PMID: 11094650 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

The discrepancy between observational studies and randomized trials of menopausal hormone therapy.

Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC.

Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 4;140(9):764-5; author reply 765-6. No abstract available. PMID: 15126266 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation.

Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ.

J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006 Jan-Feb;15(1):35-44.PMID: 16417416 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Combined postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: toward resolving the discrepancy between observational studies and the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial.

Prentice RL, Langer R, Stefanick ML, Howard BV, Pettinger M, Anderson G, Barad D, Curb JD, Kotchen J, Kuller L, Limacher M, Wactawski-Wende J; Women's Health Initiative Investigators.

Am J Epidemiol. 2005 Sep 1;162(5):404-14. Epub 2005 Jul 20.PMID: 16033876 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Menopausal hormone therapy.

Bhavnani BR, Strickler RC.

J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2005 Feb;27(2):137-62. Review.PMID: 15937590 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Menopausal hormone therapy after breast cancer: a meta-analysis and critical appraisal of the evidence.

Col NF, Kim JA, Chlebowski RT.

Breast Cancer Res. 2005;7(4):R535-40. Epub 2005 May 19.PMID: 15987460 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause.

Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Wu L, Barad D, Barnabei VM, Ko M, LaCroix AZ, Margolis KL, Stefanick ML.

JAMA. 2007 Apr 4;297(13):1465-77. Erratum in: JAMA. 2008 Mar 26;299(12):1426. PMID: 17405972 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Hormones, menopause, and heart disease: making sense of the Women's Health Initiative.

Derry PS.

Womens Health Issues. 2004 Nov-Dec;14(6):212-9. Review.PMID: 15589771 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Menopause and stroke and the effects of hormonal therapy.

Lobo RA.

Climacteric. 2007 Oct;10 Suppl 2:27-31. Review.PMID: 17882669 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Is the estrogen controversy over? Deconstructing the Women's Health Initiative study: a critical evaluation of the evidence.

Harman SM, Naftolin F, Brinton EA, Judelson DR.

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Jun;1052:43-56.PMID: 16024750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.

Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black H, Bonds D, Brunner R, Brzyski R, Caan B, Chlebowski R, Curb D, Gass M, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix S, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell A, Jackson R, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kotchen JM, Kuller L, LaCroix AZ, Lane D, Langer RD, Lasser N, Lewis CE, Manson J, Margolis K, Ockene J, O'Sullivan MJ, Phillips L, Prentice RL, Ritenbaugh C, Robbins J, Rossouw JE, Sarto G, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wactawski-Wende J, Wallace R, Wassertheil-Smoller S; Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee.

JAMA. 2004 Apr 14;291(14):1701-12.PMID: 15082697 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease in women: a review of the evidence.

Low AK, Russell LD, Holman HE, Shepherd JM, Hicks GS, Brown CA.

Am J Med Sci. 2002 Oct;324(4):180-4. Review.PMID: 12385489 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Implications of recent clinical trials of postmenopausal hormone therapy for management of cardiovascular disease.

Rossouw JE.

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Nov;1089:444-53. Review.PMID: 17261787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Hormone replacement therapy and acute coronary outcomes: methodological issues between randomized and observational studies.

Garbe E, Suissa S.

Hum Reprod. 2004 Jan;19(1):8-13. Review.PMID: 14688150 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Coronary heart disease and estrogen replacement therapy. Can compliance bias explain the results of observational studies?

Petitti DB.

Ann Epidemiol. 1994 Mar;4(2):115-8.PMID: 8205277 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: an evidence based approach.

Trevisan M.

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Apr;13(2):61-3.PMID: 12929617 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Postmenopausal hormone therapy: new questions and the case for new clinical trials.

Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Harman SM, Brinton EA, Cedars MI, Lobo R, Merriam GR, Miller VM, Naftolin F, Santoro N.

Menopause. 2006 Jan-Feb;13(1):139-47.PMID: 16607110 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles