Department of Cancer, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94804, USA.
We have identified a 2.6-kb mRNA whose steady state levels are increased 2- to 4-fold by treatment of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) stably expressing an estrogen receptor (ER) transgene with either estrogen (E) or the antiestrogen, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (HT). The cDNA corresponding to this mRNA encodes a 564-amino acid protein, named estrogen-responsive B box protein (EBBP), that is a new member of a subfamily within the B box zinc finger protein family, which includes transcription factors (e.g. TIF1), tumor suppressor proteins (e.g. PML), and proteins implicated in development (e.g. ret finger protein, XNF7). The EBBP mRNA is detectable by Northern blot analysis in most tissues, with the exception of liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the gene has been mapped to human chromosome 17p11.2. In contrast to most B box family members, EBBP has a predominantly cytoplasmic localization. Studies of the estrogenic regulation of EBBP expression demonstrated that the E-dependent increase in EBBP mRNA levels in the ER-transfected HMEC is an early, ER-mediated, and cycloheximide-insensitive process. In HMEC stably transfected with an ER mutant containing a deletion in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain, E and HT had different effects on EBBP gene expression; EBBP regulation by E was dramatically reduced while the effects of HT were augmented. These data indicate that HT can modulate EBBP mRNA expression through a mutated ER, which has little activity when bound by E, and suggest that different molecular mechanisms control the E and HT responsiveness of the EBBP gene.