1: PAX3 paired box 3 [ Homo sapiens ]

GeneID: 5077 updated 25-Nov-2009

[Top][Help]Summary

Official Symbol
PAX3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
paired box 3provided by HGNC
Primary Source
HGNC:8617
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000135903; HPRD:09421; MIM:606597
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
WS1; CDHS; HUP2; MGC120381; MGC120382; MGC120383; MGC120384; MGC134778; PAX3
Summary
This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of the PAX family typically contain a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development. Mutations in paired box gene 3 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome, craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14), which represents a fusion between PAX3 and the forkhead gene, is a frequent finding in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Alternative splicing results in transcripts encoding isoforms with different C-termini. [provided by RefSeq]

[Top][Help]Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

(minus strand) Go to reference sequence detailsTry our new Sequence Viewer


[Top][Help]Genomic context

chromosome: 2; Location: 2q35-q37; 2q35See PAX3 in MapViewer

[Top][Help]Bibliography

Related Articles in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Function What's a GeneRIF?

PubMed 1. TAT analysis of all trios revealed four SNPs in PAX3 showing significant excess maternal transmission Isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate
PubMed 2. The crystal structure of the human PAX3 homeodomain in complex with a palindromic DNA containing two inverted TAATC sequences at 1.95 A resolution, was determined.
PubMed 3. PAX3-FKHR fusion transcripts were positive in 3/7 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients, and were negative in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and Control tumors.
PubMed 4. Detection of PAX3/7-FKHR fusion gene by one-step RT-PCR is useful in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) and that AChR-gamma is overexpressed in Chinese RMS patients.
PubMed 5. an increase in the cellular level of UPF3X during myogenesis results in an increase in the efficiency of an alternative NMD pathway that, unlike classical nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, is largely insensitive to UPF2 down-regulation
PubMed 6. Inhibition of PAX3 by TGF-beta modulates melanocyte viability.
PubMed 7. PAX3-expressing melanomas may be less environmentally dependent and more genetically linked.
PubMed 8. These results establish that altered localization and dynamics play a key role in PAX3 dysfunction and that loss of the underlying determinants represents the principal defect for a subset of Waardenburg mutations.
PubMed 9. the transcriptional activity of PAX3/FKHR can be inhibited by the kinase inhibitor PKC412
PubMed 10. The PAX3-FKHR protein acts directly on the MYCN gene at the transcriptional level. PAX3-FKHR contributes to the expression of MYCN and in turn MYCN collaborates with PAX3-FKHR in tumorigenesis.
PubMed 11. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 12. PAX3 suppresses p53-dependent transcription from promoters of p53-responsive genes, notably BAX and HDM2-P2, and reduces p53 protein abundance by promoting its degradation.
PubMed 13. developed a pathophysiologically relevant transcriptional profile of PAX3/FKHR and identified a critical target gene for aRMS development
PubMed 14. These results suggest that PAX3-FKHR promotes malignant phenotypes such as proliferation, motility, and to suppress differentiation.
PubMed 15. isolated and characterized muscle cells from transgenic mice expressing PAX3-FOXO1 under control of PAX3 promoter. Demonstrate that myoblasts are unable to complete myogenic differentiation because of an inability to up-regulate p57Kip2 transcription
PubMed 16. Yeast two-hybrid screening using libraries prepared from mouse liver and embryo identified Them2 (thioesterase superfamily member 2) and the homeodomain transcription factor Pax3 (paired box gene 3), respectively, as PC-TP-interacting proteins.
PubMed 17. An amplification event is required for the PAX7-FOXO1A chimeric transcript to reach a critical expression level.
PubMed 18. Effects of PAX3 isoforms in melanocytes and their potential contribution in tumorigenesis in melanoma.
PubMed 19. Detection of both partial and whole gene deletions of PAX3 increase mutation detection in Waardenburg syndrome.
PubMed 20. Pax3/FKHR regulates a distinct but overlapping set of genes relative to Pax3 in tumor cells and the global set of Pax3 and Pax3/FKHR gene targets is cell-type specific.
PubMed 21. expression of PAX3 is correlated with metastasis potential--REVIEW
PubMed 22. The Re-expression of PAX3, consistently observed in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) as compared to normal melanocytes, appears linked to progression of CMM.
PubMed 23. PAX3 SNPs were not strong risk factors for human spina bifida
PubMed 24. Results define roles for Rho GTPases and their effectors in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and identify proteins and signal transduction cascades regulated by Pax3.
PubMed 25. A fusion of PAX3 and FOXO1A proteins was used in the diagnosis of a solid alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
PubMed 26. Pax3 directly regulates Myf5 in the hypaxial somite and its derivatives in transgenic mouse embryos.
PubMed 27. in the RD embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, PAX3-FKHR upregulates expression of the gene encoding the chemokine receptor CXCR4
PubMed 28. Mutation screening in PAX3 identified a 701T > C mutation which converted a highly conserved Leu to Pro.
PubMed 29. In this work we show that PAX3-FKHR, which is a stronger transcriptional activator relative to PAX3, can lead to two apparently irreconcilable outcomes: transformation and terminal myogenic differentiation.
PubMed 30. Significant differences in survival and clinical characteristics between PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR positive tumors were seen indicating their role in carcinogenesis.
PubMed 31. Maternal diabetes inhibits expression of embryonic genes, most notably, Pax-3, which is required for neural tube closure. oxidative stress inhibits expression of Pax-3 providing a molecular basis for neural tube defects induced by diabetic pregnancy.
PubMed 32. fuses with FKHR protein, and affects the transcriptional regulation of IGF-I receptor
PubMed 33. A novel translocation t(2;2)(q35;p23), which generates a fusion protein composed of PAX3 and the NCOA1was identified in rhabdomyosarcoma.
PubMed 34. PAX3-FKHR fusion protein plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas by influencing the commitment and differentiation of the myogenic cell lineage.
PubMed 35. PAX3-FKHR fusion gene of rhabdomyosarcoma cooperates with loss of p16INK4A to promote bypass of cellular senescence
PubMed 36. PAX3-FKHR gene fusion is prognostic indicator for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
PubMed 37. PAX3 gene is associated with Waardenburg syndrome.
PubMed 38. PAX3, PAX7 and their fusions with FKHR are each expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors as a consistent mixture of functionally distinct isoforms
PubMed 39. Pax3 represses transcription through a novel mechanism involving competition between corepressor KAP1 and the heterochromatin-binding protein HP1gamma
PubMed 40. PAX3-FKHR could induce myogenin expression in undifferentiated myoblasts by a MyoD independent pathway, and that PAX3-FKHR is directly involved in myogenin expression in aRMS cells
PubMed 41. PAX3 isoforms regulate distinct but overlapping sets of genes in melanocytes in vitro.
PubMed 42. DNA methylation near the PAX3 transcription start site is found in embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas but not in most alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas or normal muscle. This methylation is inversely correlated with PAX3 gene expression.

[Top][Help]Interactions

Description ..........
  Product Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs          
 
  NP_852124.1   NP_001341.1   DAXX      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_852124.1   NP_008872.1   SOX10      HPRD    PubMed
An unspecified isoform of PAX3 interacts with the CNR1 promoter.
     NC_000006.9   CNR1      BIND    PubMed
Affinity Capture-Western
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:107985   DAXX      BioGRID    PubMed
Kap13 interacts with Pax3.
     AAF73471.1   IPO13      BIND    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:115025   IPO13      BioGRID    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:110385   MEOX1      BioGRID    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:110386   MEOX2      BioGRID    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:110593   MSX1      BioGRID    PubMed
Brn-2 interacts with Pax3.
     NP_005595.2   POU3F2      BIND    PubMed
Affinity Capture-Western
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:111683   PSMD4      BioGRID    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:111824   RAD23B      BioGRID    PubMed
Affinity Capture-Western
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:202562   Rad23b      BioGRID    PubMed
Pax3 interacts with Sox10.
     NP_008872.1   SOX10      BIND    PubMed
Affinity Capture-Western; Phenotypic Enhancement; Reconstituted Complex
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:112546   SOX10      BioGRID    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:112771   TBP      BioGRID    PubMed
Affinity Capture-Western
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:113164   UBC      BioGRID    PubMed
Affinity Capture-Western
  BioGRID:111111   BioGRID:204403   Ubc      BioGRID    PubMed

[Top][Help]General gene information

Markers

PAX3_1834(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:280887
D2S2599(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:68410
NoName(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:484684
GDB:512330(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:157527
RH92856(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:91243
D3S4187(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:6540
GDB:596326(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:158094
GDB:187424(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:155553
D2S2197(e-PCR), detects polymorphism
Links: UniSTS:9390
AFMA288WG9(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:22195
RH45698(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:72129
D16Bir10(e-PCR), detects polymorphism
Links: UniSTS:142034
GDB:603632(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:158185
GDB:603639(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:158186
RH123290(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:135667

Phenotypes

Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome
MIM: 122880
Rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar
MIM: 268220
Waardenburg syndrome, type I
MIM: 193500
Waardenburg syndrome, type III
MIM: 148820

Genotypes

See PAX3 SNP Genotype Report
See PAX3 SNP Geneview Report
See PAX3 SNP Variation Viewer Report Variation View Link

Homology

Homologs of the PAX3 gene The PAX3 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, and fruit fly.


Map Viewer (Mouse, Rat)

[Top][Help]General protein information

Preferred Names
paired box 3
Names
paired box 3
paired domain gene 3
paired domain gene HuP2
paired box homeotic gene 3

[Top][Help]NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

Genomic

  1. NG_011632.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5000..102268
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000438.4NP_000429.2  paired box 3 isoform PAX3a

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3A) differs in the 3' UTR, includes an alternate segment in the coding region, which causes a frameshift, and lacks several segments in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3a) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform PAX3. Isoform PAX3a lacks the paired-type homeodomain.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010980,BC101299,DN989642,S69369
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46523.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P23760
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53T90
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 560
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  2. NM_001127366.1NP_001120838.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3i

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3I) differs in the 3' UTR, uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, and contains an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3i, also known as isoform PAX3dQ-) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform PAX3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012591,BC101299,CA389778,DN989642
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46522.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00086
    Location:219276
    Blast Score: 220
    homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.
    cd00131
    Location:34160
    Blast Score: 601
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  3. NM_013942.3NP_039230.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3b

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3B) differs in the 3' UTR, includes an alternate segment in the coding region, which causes a frameshift, and lacks several segments in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3a) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform PAX3. Isoform PAX3b lacks the paired-type homeodomain.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI399816,BC101299,DN989642,S69370
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2451.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P23760
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6GSJ9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 560
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  4. NM_181457.2NP_852122.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3) encodes isoform PAX3 (also known as isoform PAX3c).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012591,AY251280,BC101299,DN989642,U02309
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42826.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P23760
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q12777
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86UQ2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00086
    Location:220277
    Blast Score: 218
    homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 587
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  5. NM_181458.2NP_852123.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3d

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3D) differs in the 3' UTR, and contains an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3d) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform PAX3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012591,BC101299,BC101301,CA389778,DN989642
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42825.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00086
    Location:220277
    Blast Score: 220
    homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 588
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  6. NM_181459.2NP_852124.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3e

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3E) differs in the 3' UTR, and contains an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3e) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform PAX3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012591,AY251280,BC101299,CA389778,DN989642
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2448.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86UQ2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00086
    Location:220277
    Blast Score: 218
    homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 593
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  7. NM_181460.2NP_852125.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3h

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3H) differs in the 3' UTR, and contains an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3h) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to variant PAX3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012591,AY251280,BC101299,CA389778,DN989642
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2449.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86UQ2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00086
    Location:220277
    Blast Score: 212
    homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 578
    PAX; Paired Box domain
  8. NM_181461.2NP_852126.1  paired box 3 isoform PAX3g

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (PAX3G) differs in the 3' UTR, and contains an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant PAX3. The resulting protein (isoform PAX3g) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to variant PAX3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012591,AY251279,BC101299,CA389778,DN989642
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2450.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q494Z4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86UQ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00086
    Location:220277
    Blast Score: 210
    homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.
    cd00131
    Location:34161
    Blast Score: 575
    PAX; Paired Box domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.1

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Genome Reference Consortium Human Build 37 (GRCh37), Primary_Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.11

    Range
    223064606..223163699, complement
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NT_005403.17 

    Range
    73274024..73373117, complement
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (Celera)

Genomic

  1. AC_000045.1

    Range
    216832726..216931722, complement
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NW_921618.1 

    Range
    27747256..27846252, complement
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (HuRef)

Genomic

  1. AC_000134.1

    Range
    214918698..215017765
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NW_001838865.2 

    Range
    3342010..3441077
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

[Top][Help]Related Sequences

  Nucleotide   Protein
  genomic   AC010980.8   AAY14900.1
  genomic   AC012591.8  (98790..141749)   None
  genomic   AF156931.1   None
  genomic   AJ007392.1   None
  genomic   CH471063.1   EAW70789.1
       EAW70790.1
       EAW70791.1
       EAW70792.1
       EAW70793.1
       EAW70794.1
       EAW70795.1
       EAW70796.1
       EAW70797.1
  genomic   L10614.1   AAA91849.1
  genomic   S61511.1   AAB26807.1
  genomic   S83614.1   AAB21476.1
  genomic   U12258.1   AAA80574.1
  genomic   U12259.1   AAA80574.1
  genomic   U12260.1   AAA80574.1
  genomic   U12261.1   None
  genomic   U12262.1   AAA80574.1
  genomic   U12263.1   AAA80573.1
  genomic   X15043.1   CAA33145.1
  genomic   X15253.1   None
  mRNA   AI399816.1   None
  mRNA   AK291278.1   BAF83967.1
  mRNA   AY251279.1   AAP13872.1
  mRNA   AY251280.1   AAP13873.1
  mRNA   BC063547.1   AAH63547.1
  mRNA   BC101299.3   AAI01300.1
  mRNA   BC101300.2   AAI01301.1
  mRNA   BC101301.2   AAI01302.1
  mRNA   BC101302.2   AAI01303.1
  mRNA   BC114363.2   AAI14364.1
  mRNA   CA389778.1   None
  mRNA   DN989642.1   None
  mRNA   L07483.1   None
  mRNA   S69369.1   AAB30167.1
  mRNA   S69370.1   AAB30168.1
  mRNA   U02309.1   AAA03628.1
  other-genetic   EU446645.1   ABZ92174.1
Protein Accession   Links
P23760.2   GenPept   UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P23760
Q12777   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q12777
Q494Z3   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q494Z3
Q494Z4   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q494Z4
Q53T90   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q53T90
Q6GSJ9   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6GSJ9
Q86UQ2   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q86UQ2
Q86UQ3   GenPept   UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q86UQ3

[Top][Help]Additional Links

Gene LinkOut

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