1: NPY neuropeptide Y [ Homo sapiens ]

GeneID: 4852 updated 25-Nov-2009

[Top][Help]Summary

Official Symbol
NPYprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
neuropeptide Yprovided by HGNC
Primary Source
HGNC:7955
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000122585; HPRD:01214; MIM:162640
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PYY4; NPY
Summary
This gene encodes a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological processes, including cortical excitability, stress response, food intake, circadian rhythms, and cardiovascular function. The neuropeptide functions through G protein-coupled receptors to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulate intracellular calcium levels, and activate potassium channels. A polymorphism in this gene resulting in a change of leucine 7 to proline in the signal peptide is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, higher alcohol consumption, and may be a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. [provided by RefSeq]

[Top][Help]Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Related Articles in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Function What's a GeneRIF?

PubMed 1. Genotypic distribution of the NPY1R gene showed a significant association with methamphetamine dependence and psychosis (P = 0.04), whereas the NPY gene had no significant association with them.
PubMed 2. a large amount of nerves are present around the blood vessels in the endometriosis samples, and a large number of these nerves are neuropeptide-Y sympathetic nerves.
PubMed 3. Meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 4. result indicates that NPY do not contribute to a genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia
PubMed 5. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 6. observed that IL-1beta increases the release of NPY, norepinephrine & epinephrine from chromaffin cells; data suggest that IL-1beta, NPY, and nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to a regulatory loop between the immune and the adrenal systems
PubMed 7. No association between a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the neuropeptide Y gene (-485C>T) and schizophrenia.
PubMed 8. The current study investigates the effect of the NPY P7 allele in endothelial cells, where decreased nitric oxide production is a promoting factor to endothelial dysfunction.
PubMed 9. neuropeptide y is widely expressed in the nervous system and has been shown to have a role in numerous physiologic processes--{REVIEW}
PubMed 10. obesity may be a pivotal factor in multiplying the disease risk associated with the Leu7Pro polymorphism in preproNPY
PubMed 11. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) genotype is suggested to be involved in the individual differences in regulation of catecholamine secretion.
PubMed 12. NPY contributes to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
PubMed 13. p.L7P polymorphism may be a strong independent risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (Review)
PubMed 14. NPY Pro7 substitution protects middle-aged men from coronary artery atherosclerosis and might decrease the risk of acute coronary events
PubMed 15. The reduction in NPY in the anterior and posterior vaginal wall epithelium might be related to nerve damage or degeneration in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.
PubMed 16. The Leu7Pro polymorphism may be associated with dietary response to LDL-C concentration in overweight boys with a family history of early-onset CVD.
PubMed 17. Results show that oxytocin modulates the NPY response to ghrelin, whereas it is unable to produce direct inhibitions of basal circulating NPY levels.
PubMed 18. This study revealed that the GHRH perikarya formed intimate associations with NPY fiber varicosities and juxtapositions were found in the infundibular nucleus/median eminence where NPY fiber varicosities often covered surface area of the GHRH neurons.
PubMed 19. NPY-mediated mitogenesis signals primarily via neuropeptide Y1 receptors activating Ca2+-dependent, growth-promoting pathways
PubMed 20. haplotype-driven NPY expression predicts brain responses to emotional and stress challenges and also inversely correlates with trait anxiety
PubMed 21. There is no significant association with neuropeptide Y gene and alcoholism following analysis of haplotype or single nucleotide polymorphism.
PubMed 22. no significant relationship between the NPY gene nt 5671 C/T polymorphism and febrile seizure.
PubMed 23. NPY plasma level in patients with atopic dermatitis was significantly increased both during exacerbation and remission.
PubMed 24. Observational study of genotype prevalence and gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 25. Observational study and meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 26. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 27. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 28. Observational study of gene-disease association and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 29. Observational study of genotype prevalence. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 30. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
PubMed 31. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of prostate cancer
PubMed 32. Inverse relationships between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and biomarkers (bone and serum alkaline phosphatase) levels of bone turnover suggest that NPY may be implicated in low bone turnover in dialysis patients by a parathyroid-independent mechanism.
PubMed 33. The Leu7Pro polymorphism of neuropeptide Y confers susceptibility to development of diabetic neuropathy in Swedish female type I diabetes patients.
PubMed 34. PreproNPY Pro7 allele is associated with an increased risk for type II diabetes with a higher insulin resistance among Pro7 carriers whereas low ghrelin concentrations in Pro7 carriers are possibly a consequence of high insulin levels.
PubMed 35. remarkable haplotypic association suggested that the interaction between the 2 common sequence polymorphisms in NPY contributed to a great amount of phenotypic variability of ischemic stroke
PubMed 36. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript is expressed in NPY and agouti related protein neurons in the human hypothalamus.
PubMed 37. neuropeptide Y has a role in prostate neoplasm growth through MAP kinase/ERK 1/2 activation [review]
PubMed 38. Significant frequencies of the Pro7 allele of NPY are found in the majority of Indian populations studied.
PubMed 39. Kidney transplantation does not normalize plasma NPY posttransplant. Transplanted kidney with good excretory functions and immunosupressive therapy are not essential factors involved in maintence of elevated NPY plasma level early posttransplant.
PubMed 40. Proline 7 substitution in signal peptide of the NPY is associated with enhanced endothelial-dependent vasodilation.
PubMed 41. Leu7Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide region of the human prepro-NPY is not a risk factor for exudative AMD.
PubMed 42. hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in the phenotypic expression of hyperphagia in the fa/fa pups during the second postnatal week
PubMed 43. Number and size of neuropeptide Y positive cells were greater at birth and reached maximal values of 100-400 cells per 1 mm2 and 2-5 microm in diameter, respectively.
PubMed 44. NPY affects the cortical sequelae of hunger and satiety regulation as reflected by cortical DC-potentials in man.
PubMed 45. this is the first demonstration of a ghrelin-NPY interaction in humans, which may suggest a possible mediation of ghrelin action by NPY in humans
PubMed 46. Leu7Pro polymorphism may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and coronary disease in type 1 diabetic patients
PubMed 47. NPY, via NPY Y5 and to a lesser extent via the Y1 receptors, exerts a stimulatory action on Ucn1 cells in the nonpreganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
PubMed 48. No impact of preproNPY genotype on mean NPY or hormone levels were detected in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
PubMed 49. Results indicate that the neuropeptide Y signaling system is implicated in body weight regulation and suggest a new and unexpected functional role of a signal peptide.
PubMed 50. study provides the evidence that Leu7Pro polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene is associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in Swedish men
PubMed 51. Proportional comparison of NPY neurons in four compartments, upper cortical layers, lower cortical layers, subcortical white matter and deep white matter, demonstrated differential distribution between schizophrenic brains and controls.
PubMed 52. Our data support the hypothesis of epistatic interaction between ADRB2 and NPY in regulation of LDL levels in hypertensive subjects.
PubMed 53. The T1128C polymorphism of the NPY gene is population specific and extremely low in a Chinese population.
PubMed 54. Circulating NPY in fulminant hepatic failure does not seem to reflect cerebral blood flow.
PubMed 55. The leucine 7/proline 7 polymorphism in the NPY signal gene may favorably affect femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
PubMed 56. This review underscores the need to understand how the functions of NPY are altered by the chronic neurodegenerative changes that occur in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
PubMed 57. In this review, NPY is a mediator and a marker of chronic stress in humans, including extreme trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder
PubMed 58. This is a review of evidence in support of a potential role for NPY in heart failure progression and remodeling via actions on vascular and cardiomyocyte function exerted via multiple NPY receptors
PubMed 59. This review defines NPY as an important sympathetic transmitter that clearly acts via intracerebral nerves as well to regulate local cerebral blood flow.
PubMed 60. This review summarizes the evidence implicating peripheral and central NPY in the development and/or maintenance of hypertension or stress-induced hypertension in humans, and points out the definitive proof of the role of NPY that is still lacking.
PubMed 61. This review discusses the dual role of NPY as modulator of sympathetic co-transmission; it facilitates vascular smooth muscle reactivity and modulates the presynaptic release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and noradrenaline.
PubMed 62. Leu7Pro polymorphism of the NPY gene associates with alterations in FFA metabolism but does not have an impact on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, or glucose metabolism
PubMed 63. the NPY T1128C polymorphism is an independent predictor for myocardial infarction and stroke in a Swedish hypertensive population.
PubMed 64. human umbilical-vein endothelial cells produce, store and respond to NPY, suggesting an autocrine regulatory role for NPY in the endothelium
PubMed 65. Y1 receptor activation by neuropeptide Y regulates the growth of prostate cancer cells
PubMed 66. Neuropeptide Y Pro7 frequencies in the control populations were similar to the alcoholics, in Finns and Swedes, yielding no association with neuropeptide Y Pro7 frequency, in contrast with the Yale study.
PubMed 67. Aging of human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro led to a loss of their mitogenic responses to NPY accompanied by a lack of NPY receptor mRNAs
PubMed 68. choroid contains abundant NPY and TH nerve fibers related to chroroidal vascular structures
PubMed 69. genetically determined changes in NPY levels lead to widespread consequences in the control of sympathoadrenal, metabolic, and hormonal balance in healthy subjects.
PubMed 70. higher concentrations of neuropeptide Y in constitutional delay of puberty(CDP) girls may be responsible for CDP and reduced levels of insulin growth factor-I(IGF-I)
PubMed 71. -485 T, a novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the neuropeptide Y gene, most likely confers resistance but not susceptibility to schizophrenia.
PubMed 72. Autonomic neuropathy is associated with impaired pancreatic polypeptide and this peptide responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in Type I diabetic patients.
PubMed 73. a novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the neuropeptide Y gene is associated with schizophrenia in humans.
PubMed 74. Aging women is have increased NPY gene expression. Functional relationship between NPY and POMC neurons demonstrated in other species also exists in human. Increase in NPY mRNA in older women may be due to factors other than ovarian failure of menopause.
PubMed 75. NPY participates in sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans during whole body cooling.
PubMed 76. NPY polymorphisms might influence cholesterol metabolism, but might not act as major risk factor in Alzheimer's disease
PubMed 77. NPY regulates the CRH system of the human hypothalamus and some of the effects of NPY on metabolic, autonomic, and endocrine functions may be mediated through CRH
PubMed 78. results corroborate the involvement of neuropeptide Y in sexual maturation and its role in delayed puberty
PubMed 79. Altered neuroregulation of the neuropeptides (leptin and NPY) secretion may contribute persistent amenorrhea after weight gain in anorectic patients with low initial body mass index
PubMed 80. orexin A, NPY, leptin play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism in humans; in obesity the activity of these peptides is disturbed.
PubMed 81. a study of ligand-receptor interactions (review)
PubMed 82. Analysis of a repressor region in the neuropeptide Y gene that binds Oct-1 and Pbx-1 in neurons.
PubMed 83. the Leu7Pro polymorphism of preproNPY is related to decreased level of basal sympathetic activity, decreased insulin secretion, and delayed ghrelin suppression during oral glucose tolerance test
PubMed 84. Neuropeptide Y levels were significantly higher in normal cycling athletes, suggesting possibility of protective role of neuropeptide Y in maintenance of menstrual cycle in highly trained athletes.

[Top][Help]Interactions

Description ..........
  Product Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs          
 
  NP_000896.1   Ghrelin   GHRL      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Melanocortin 4 receptor   MC4R      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide FF amide peptide   NPFF      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   NP_004876.1   NPFFR2      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1   NPY1R      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1   NPY1R      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2   NPY2R      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2   NPY2R      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5   NPY5R      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Pro melanin concentrating hormone   PMCH      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1   PPYR1      HPRD    PubMed
 
  NP_000896.1   Neuropeptide Y y6 receptor        HPRD    PubMed
Biochemical Activity
  BioGRID:110914   BioGRID:110387   MEP1A      BioGRID    PubMed
Reconstituted Complex
  BioGRID:110914   BioGRID:110946   NPY1R      BioGRID    PubMed
Phenotypic Enhancement
  BioGRID:110914   BioGRID:111380   PMCH      BioGRID    PubMed

[Top][Help]General gene information

Markers

NPY(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:503619
NPY(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:29815
STS-M14298(e-PCR)
Links: UniSTS:51186

Homology

Homologs of the NPY gene The NPY gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, and zebrafish.


Map Viewer (Mouse, Rat)

Pathways

KEGG pathway: Adipocytokine signaling pathway
04920
KEGG pathway: Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
04080
Reactome Event:Signaling by GPCR
REACT_14797

[Top][Help]General protein information

Preferred Names
neuropeptide Y
Names
neuropeptide Y
OTTHUMP00000201946
OTTHUMP00000201947

[Top][Help]NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000905.3NP_000896.1  neuropeptide Y preproprotein

    Source sequence(s)
    AI198311,BC029497,K01911
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS5387.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4D158
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01303
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00126
    Location:2964
    Blast Score: 126
    PAH; Pancreatic Hormone domain, a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions; neuropeptide Y (NPY)b, peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypetide (PP) are closely related; propeptide is enzymatically cleaved to yield the mature active peptide...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.1

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Genome Reference Consortium Human Build 37 (GRCh37), Primary_Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000007.13

    Range
    24323808..24331476
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NT_007819.17 

    Range
    24313808..24321476
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (Celera)

Genomic

  1. AC_000050.1

    Range
    24312618..24320294
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NW_923240.1 

    Range
    17483483..17491159
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (HuRef)

Genomic

  1. AC_000139.1

    Range
    24208803..24216482
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NW_001839003.1 

    Range
    18052028..18059707
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate assembly (CRA_TCAGchr7v2)

Genomic

  1. AC_000068.1

    Range
    24375684..24383363
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
  2. NT_079592.2 

    Range
    24325684..24333363
    Download
    GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

[Top][Help]Related Sequences

  Nucleotide   Protein
  genomic   AC004485.2   AAQ96843.1
  genomic   CH236948.1   EAL24248.1
  genomic   CH471073.1   EAW93807.1
  genomic   M14295.1   None
  genomic   M14296.1   AAA59945.1
  genomic   M14297.1   AAA59945.1
  genomic   M14298.1   AAA59945.1
  mRNA   AI198311.1   None
  mRNA   AK312156.1   BAG35090.1
  mRNA   BC029497.1   AAH29497.1
  mRNA   K01911.1   AAA59944.1
  mRNA   M15789.1   AAA59946.1
  other-genetic   DQ893335.2   ABM84261.1
  other-genetic   DQ896651.2   ABM87650.1
Protein Accession   Links
P01303.1   GenPept   UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01303

[Top][Help]Additional Links