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    VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A [ Bos taurus (cattle) ]

    Gene ID: 281572, updated on 5-Mar-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    VEGFAprovided by VGNC
    Official Full Name
    vascular endothelial growth factor Aprovided by VGNC
    Primary source
    VGNC:VGNC:55927
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Bos taurus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos
    Also known as
    VPF; VEGF; VEGF-A; eVEGF120; eVEGF164
    Summary
    This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. It is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    chromosome: 23
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_09 current ARS-UCD2.0 (GCF_002263795.3) 23 NC_037350.1 (17281915..17297193)

    Chromosome 23 - NC_037350.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene radial spoke head component 9 Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18A Neighboring gene transfer RNA glycine (anticodon GCC) Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC132343620

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_037350.1 Chromosome 23 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The interplay of cyclic stretch and vascular endothelial growth factor in regulating the initial steps for angiogenesis. Wilkins JR, et al. Biotechnol Prog, 2015 Jan-Feb. PMID 25376776, Free PMC Article
    2. Advanced glycation end products increase permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells through reactive oxygen species-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Niiya Y, et al. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2012 May. PMID 21296593
    3. The polymorphisms of bovine VEGF gene and their associations with growth traits in Chinese cattle. Pang Y, et al. Mol Biol Rep, 2011 Feb. PMID 20376703
    4. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates germ cell survival during establishment of spermatogenesis in the bovine testis. Caires KC, et al. Reproduction, 2009 Oct. PMID 19633133
    5. PKCbetaII/HuR/VEGF: A new molecular cascade in retinal pericytes for the regulation of VEGF gene expression. Amadio M, et al. Pharmacol Res, 2008 Jan. PMID 18206386

    See all (49) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and VEGFR-1 Change during Preimplantation in Heifers.
      Title: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and VEGFR-1 Change during Preimplantation in Heifers.
    2. miR-21-3p inhibits bovine primary ovarian granulosa cells autophagy by targeting VEGFA and attenuating PI3K/AKT signaling.
      Title: miR-21-3p inhibits autophagy of bovine granulosa cells by targeting VEGFA via PI3K/AKT signaling.
    3. Evidence of an altered expression of VEGFA-164, VEGFA-164b and VEGFR2 during the formation of persistent follicles and cysts in cows.
      Title: Contribution of the VEGF system to the follicular persistence associated with bovine cystic ovaries.
    4. data for the first time demonstrate a calpain/PTP1B/VEGFR2 negative feedback loop in the regulation of VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Modulation of local PTP1B and/or calpain activities may prove beneficial in the treatment of impaired wound healing in diabetes.
      Title: Protein Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in Calpain-dependent Feedback Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR2) in Endothelial Cells: IMPLICATIONS IN VEGF-DEPENDENT ANGIOGENESIS AND DIABETIC WOUND HEALING.
    5. Studied the effect of cyclic uniaxial stretch (20%, 1 Hz), with and without the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on sprouting angiogenesis by employing a stretchable three-dimensional cell culture model.
      Title: The interplay of cyclic stretch and vascular endothelial growth factor in regulating the initial steps for angiogenesis.
    6. Study shows that VEGFA mRNA in mammalian endothelial cells undergoes programmed translational readthrough (PTR) generating VEGF-Ax, an isoform containing a unique 22-amino-acid C terminus extension.
      Title: Programmed translational readthrough generates antiangiogenic VEGF-Ax.
    7. Data indicate that superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited high glucose (HG)-induced expression of uPAR and VEGF in bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cell (REC).
      Title: Diabetes-induced superoxide anion and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier: role of the VEGF/uPAR pathway.
    8. Exposure of endothelial cells to VEGF, high glucose, or hydrogen peroxide up-regulated the XBP1/IRE1 alpha and ATF6 arms of the unfolded protein response compared with untreated cells.
      Title: Targeting the IRE1α/XBP1 and ATF6 arms of the unfolded protein response enhances VEGF blockade to prevent retinal and choroidal neovascularization.
    9. Microvascular endothelial cells are more susceptible than aortic cells to advanced glycation end products-enhanced permeability and that AGE-enhanced permeability is dependent on VEGF expression induced by reactive oxygen species.
      Title: Advanced glycation end products increase permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells through reactive oxygen species-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
    10. VEGF supports germ cell survival and sperm production in bulls.
      Title: Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates germ cell survival during establishment of spermatogenesis in the bovine testis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (42)

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables chemoattractant activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables heparin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sprouting angiogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    vascular endothelial growth factor A
    Names
    vascular endothelial growth factor 164
    vascular permeability factor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001316955.1 → NP_001303884.1  vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGF-Ax precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes two isoforms, which result from the use of alternative in-frame translation termination codons. The shorter isoform (VEGF-A, also known as VEGF-A164) results from translation termination at the upstream UGA stop codon, while the longer isoform (VEGF-Ax) results from UGA stop codon readthrough to the downstream UGA termination codon. This RefSeq represents the longer, C-terminally extended isoform (VEGF-Ax), which exhibits antiangiogenic activity. As the upstream UGA stop codon has been shown to be recoded as serine (PMID:24949972), its location in the VEGF-Ax isoform (aa 191) is denoted by an 'S'.
      Source sequence(s)
      DV814183, DV876964, EV647554, HX921266, M32976
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15691
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00141
      Location:49 → 131
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
      pfam14554
      Location:133 → 190
      VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain

    2. NM_001316956.1 → NP_001303885.1  vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 4 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains an additional in-frame coding exon compared to variant 1, and encodes a longer isoform (4) with an internal 24 aa protein segment missing in isoform VEGF-A.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB450824, DV814183, DV876964, EV647554, HX921266, M32976
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C6KYY4, G3N1E3, G3N295
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00141
      Location:49 → 131
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
      pfam14554
      Location:166 → 214
      VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain

    3. NM_001316992.1 → NP_001303921.1  vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 3 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate acceptor splice site at the 3' terminal exon, which causes a frameshift compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3, also known as VEGF-Ab), though the same length, has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform VEGF-A.
      Source sequence(s)
      DV814183, DV876964, EU017524, EV647554, HX921266, M32976
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15691
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4XBZ6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00141
      Location:49 → 131
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
      pfam14554
      Location:133 → 184
      VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain

    4. NM_001316993.1 → NP_001303922.1  vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 2 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame coding exon compared to variant 1, and encodes a shorter isoform (2, also known as VEGF-A120) missing an internal protein segment compared to isoform VEGF-A.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB455252, DV814183, DV876964, EV647554, HX921266, M32976
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C6KZS7, F1MSH5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00141
      Location:49 → 131
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

    5. NM_174216.2 → NP_776641.1  vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGF-A precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_776641.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes two isoforms, which result from the use of alternative in-frame translation termination codons. The shorter isoform (VEGF-A, also known as VEGF-A164) results from translation termination at the upstream UGA stop codon, while the longer isoform (VEGF-Ax) results from UGA stop codon readthrough to the downstream UGA termination codon. This RefSeq represents the shorter isoform (VEGF-A), which exhibits proangiogenic activity.
      Source sequence(s)
      DV814183, DV876964, EV647554, HX921266, M32976
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15691
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G8Z9U1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00141
      Location:49 → 131
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
      pfam14554
      Location:133 → 190
      VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_002263795.3-RS_2023_09

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_037350.1 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

      Range
      17281915..17297193
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P15691.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P15691

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