"Vaginitis" - Books

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Select item 44036681.

StatPearls [Internet].

Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

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Select item 49597782.

Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Adolescents and Women to Prevent Preterm Delivery [Internet].

Kahwati LC, Clark R, Berkman ND, et al.

Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020 Apr. (Evidence Synthesis, No. 191.)

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Select item 14453423.

Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition.

Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors.

Boston: Butterworths; 1990.

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Select item 26591824.

Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet].

York (UK): Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 1995-.

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Select item 14037385.

Polymicrobial Diseases.

Brogden KA, Guthmiller JM, editors.

Washington (DC): ASM Press; 2002.

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Select item 46709726.

Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

Balk E, Adam GP, Kimmel H, et al.

Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Aug. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 212.)

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Select item 41243747.

Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. 5th edition.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.

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Select item 15816868.

Medical Microbiology. 4th edition.

Baron S, editor.

Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996.

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Select item 48538169.

LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].

Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-.

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Select item 529378610.

Evidence reviews for lifestyle and conservative management options for pelvic organ prolapse: Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management: Evidence review H.

National Guideline Alliance (UK).

London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2019 Apr. (NICE Guideline, No. 123.)

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Select item 340129411.

Endotext [Internet].

Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors.

South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.

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Select item 442261012.

Screening for Gynecologic Conditions With Pelvic Examination: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet].

Guirguis-Blake JM, Henderson JT, Perdue LA, et al.

Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 Mar. (Evidence Syntheses, No. 147.)

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Select item 326163413.

The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Eng TR, Butler WT, editors.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1997.

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Select item 523503414.

Sexually Transmitted Infections: Adopting a Sexual Health Paradigm.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine;Health and Medicine Division;Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice;Committee on Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States; Crowley JS, Geller AB, Vermund SH, editors.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2021 Mar 24.

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Select item 305975615.

Fungal Disease in Britain and the United States 1850–2000: Mycoses and Modernity.

Homei A, Worboys M.

Basingstoke (UK): Palgrave Macmillan; 2013.

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Select item 322223416.

Screening Pelvic Examinations in Asymptomatic Average Risk Adult Women [Internet].

Bloomfield HE, Olson A, Cantor A, et al.

Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2013 Sep.

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Select item 561839217.

Ospemifene (Osphena): CADTH Reimbursement Review: Therapeutic area: Dyspareunia, vaginal dryness [Internet].

Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2022 Aug.

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Select item 461280618.

Management and Treatment of Cervicitis: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [Internet].

Young C, Argáez C.

Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2017 Sep 21.

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Select item 324853019.

Reproductive Health in Developing Countries: Expanding Dimensions, Building Solutions.

National Research Council (US) Panel on Reproductive Health; Tsui AO, Wasserheit JN, Haaga JG, editors.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1997.

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Select item 262532820.

InformedHealth.org [Internet].

Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-.

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Figure 97-4Major causes of vaginitis

Microbiology of the Genitourinary System.

Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996.
FIGURE WO-10Damage response framework

When the framework was proposed in the late 1990s, conventional thinking was that the stronger the immune system response, the less damage to the host, as depicted in the two lefthand graphs (Cryptococcus spp. on the top, Candida spp. on the bottom). Since then, it has become clear that this is not the case and that people with very strong immune systems can also become sick, as depicted in the two righthand graphs. On the top righthand graph, notice that HIV-positive individuals with weak immune systems are at risk of HIV-associated cryptococcosis, but HIV-positive individuals with reconstituted immune systems (i.e., via antiretroviral therapy) are at risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)–associated cryptococcosis. On the bottom righthand graph, notice that candida vaginitis is believed to be associated with an overreactive immune system.
SOURCE: Casadevall (2010).

Workshop Overview.

Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats. Fungal Diseases: An Emerging Threat to Human, Animal, and Plant Health: Workshop Summary. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.
FIGURE A9-1

OPC: Protection, susceptibility, and results of treatment with ART/PI or IFN-g. Proposed immune function of the oral mucosa in HIV⁺ individuals with and without OPC and < 200 CD4 cells/ml. Left frame depicts the protective mechanisms associated with the HIV⁺ OPC^– individual colonized with Candida albicans when the primary defense of CD4⁺ T cells is below the protective threshold (200 cells/μl). The secondary defense consists of CD8⁺ T cells migrating to the outer epithelium under normal expression of E-cadherin and functional oral epithelial cell anti-Candida activity that together keep Candida in check and prevent symptomatic infection. Th1 cytokines in saliva may also act in protection against infection, along with cytokines in tissue. Center frame depicts the condition of OPC. In this scenario, when CD4⁺ T cells are below the protective threshold, CD8⁺ T cells are inhibited from migrating to Candida for effector function due to a transient reduction in E-cadherin via Candida-associated SAPs, and the epithelial cells have reduced capacity to inhibit Candida, resulting in Candida overgrowth and symptomatic infection. Reduced Th1 cytokines in saliva may also contribute to the susceptibility. Right frame depicts potential treatment strategies that reduce/eliminate OPC via the restoration of E-cadherin followed by the normal migration of CD8⁺ T cells for effector function. This can be done directly by IFN-γ or indirectly by PI in ART that inhibits Candida-associated SAPs.
SOURCE: Yano, J., M. C. Noverr, and P. L. Fidel, Jr. 2012. Cytokines in the host response to Candida vaginitis: Identifying a role for non-classical immune mediators, S100 alarmins. Special issue: Cytokines in fungal immunity. Cytokine 58:118-128, Fig. 2, 124.

Contributed Manuscripts.

Forum on Microbial Health; Board on Global Health; Institute of Medicine. Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2014 Feb 18.