Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):528-32.

Genome-wide survey of SNP variation uncovers the genetic structure of cattle breeds.

Bovine HapMap Consortium, Gibbs RA, Taylor JF, Van Tassell CP, Barendse W, Eversole KA, Gill CA, Green RD, Hamernik DL, Kappes SM, Lien S, Matukumalli LK, McEwan JC, Nazareth LV, Schnabel RD, Weinstock GM, Wheeler DA, Ajmone-Marsan P, Boettcher PJ, Caetano AR, Garcia JF, Hanotte O, Mariani P, Skow LC, Sonstegard TS, Williams JL, Diallo B, Hailemariam L, Martinez ML, Morris CA, Silva LO, Spelman RJ, Mulatu W, Zhao K, Abbey CA, Agaba M, Araujo FR, Bunch RJ, Burton J, Gorni C, Olivier H, Harrison BE, Luff B, Machado MA, Mwakaya J, Plastow G, Sim W, Smith T, Thomas MB, Valentini A, Williams P, Womack J, Woolliams JA, Liu Y, Qin X, Worley KC, Gao C, Jiang H, Moore SS, Ren Y, Song XZ, Bustamante CD, Hernandez RD, Muzny DM, Patil S, San Lucas A, Fu Q, Kent MP, Vega R, Matukumalli A, McWilliam S, Sclep G, Bryc K, Choi J, Gao H, Grefenstette JJ, Murdoch B, Stella A, Villa-Angulo R, Wright M, Aerts J, Jann O, Negrini R, Goddard ME, Hayes BJ, Bradley DG, Barbosa da Silva M, Lau LP, Liu GE, Lynn DJ, Panzitta F, Dodds KG.

Abstract

The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans.

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