Eur J Immunol. 2008 Apr;38(4):912-5.

Critical role of IL-2 and TGF-beta in generation, function and stabilization of Foxp3+CD4+ Treg.

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Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. dhorwitz@usc.edu

Abstract

CD4+Foxp3+ Treg consist of two indistinguishable subsets induced in either the thymus or the periphery. In addition to their suppressive activities, IL-6 can convert natural Treg to pro-inflammatory IL-17-producing cells, but those induced with IL-2 and TGF-beta remain Treg. Unlike mouse CD4+CD25(-) cells, which rapidly become polyclonal Foxp3+CD25+ Treg when activated appropriately with IL-2 and TGF-beta, human T cells require multiple stimulations to become similar suppressor cells.

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