J Exp Med. 2007 Aug 6;204(8):1737-9. Epub 2007 Jul 9.

Oral tolerance: is it all retinoic acid?

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Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. harald_von_boehmer@dfci.harvard.edu

Abstract

Oral tolerance has been argued to depend on "special" presentation of antigen in the gut. New studies support this idea by showing that the catalysis of vitamin A into retinoic acid (RA) in gut-associated dendritic cells (DCs) enhances the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-dependent conversion of naive T cells into regulatory T (T reg) cells and also directs T reg cell homing to the gut. These results reveal new tolerance mechanisms that will aid the use of T reg cells in the clinic.

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