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    Pain Manag Nurs. 2006 Dec;7(4):148-52.

    Pain perception and expression: the influence of gender, personal self-efficacy, and lifespan socialization.

    Source

    Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.

    Abstract

    There are differences between males and females regarding the perception, expression, and tolerance of pain that stems from a variety of social and psychologic influences. Personal self-efficacy and lifespan socialization are two such influences, and they provide new dimensions for nurses to better understand the pain experience. This article will present a review of the literature regarding personal self-efficacy and lifespan socialization and their effects on pain perception and expression among males and females. Finally, nursing implications related to the topic will be discussed.

    PMID:
    17145488
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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