Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 1;43 Suppl 2:S49-56.

Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. robert.bonomo@med.va.gov

Abstract

Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are noted for their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and for their ability to acquire genes encoding resistance determinants. Foremost among the mechanisms of resistance in both of these pathogens is the production of beta -lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Additionally, diminished expression of outer membrane proteins, mutations in topoisomerases, and up-regulation of efflux pumps play an important part in antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, the accumulation of multiple mechanisms of resistance leads to the development of multiply resistant or even "panresistant" strains.

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