For Consumers Results 1-570
- A Cochrane systematic review assessing topical antibiotics without steroids for treating chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations, in participants of any age
- A Cochrane systematic review comparing systemic antibiotics and topical treatments for chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations, in participants of any age
- A combination of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine with steroids can improve kidney function in people with severe lupus nephritis
- A combination of graduated compression stockings and heparin seems to be the optimal prophylaxis for patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
- A comparison of a local anaesthetic injection below the collarbone with other injection techniques for providing anaesthesia of the lower arm
- A comparison of active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) to other methods of airway clearance therapies in patients with cystic fibrosis
- A comparison of botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for involuntary positioning of the head, or cervical dystonia.
- A comparison of compression plates and locked nails for surgically fixing fractures of the upper arm bone (humerus) in adults
- A comparison of multifocal and monofocal intraocular lens implants used in cataract surgery
- A comparison of oral and intravenous corticosteroid treatments in persons with MS (multiple sclerosis) shows that there are no major differences in clinical outcomes and both treatments appear to be equally effective and safe
- A comparison of platinum‐based and non‐platinum‐based chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of small cell lung cancer
- A comparison of single and combined intravenous drug therapy for people with cystic fibrosis
- A comparison of the healthy donor's experience of donating their blood stem cells to a patient who is to receive a stem cell transplant as treatment for cancer of their blood (e.g. leukaemia)
- A comparison of two methods to join small and large bowel together in surgery
- A comparison of usual chest physiotherapy to other methods of airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
- A comparison of volume targeted ventilation modes with traditional pressure limited ventilation modes for newborn babies
- A daily low dose of cotrimoxazole for preventing opportunistic infections in adults with HIV
- A fixed daily dose of a low molecular weight heparin compared with an adjusted dose of unfractionated heparin for treating blood clots in the deep veins (venous thromboembolism)
- A long course (five days or more) of a low dose of corticosteroids may be considered as an adjunct therapy in patients with septic shock.
- A meta‐analysis of clinical trials comparing taxane containing chemotherapy with non‐taxane containing chemotherapy for women following surgery for early breast cancer
- A package of care to actively manage labour in women who are at low risk of complications to reduce caesarean section rates
- A review of programmes providing asthma education at home for affected children and their families
- A review of strategies intended to limit duration of antibiotic therapy for hospital‐acquired pneumonia in intensive care unit patients
- A review of the medical literature for evidence of whether the use of intravenous antibiotics, or devices impregnated with antibiotics, reduce the risks of infection during the surgical placement of catheters for the drainage of excess fluid from the brain
- A review of the use of drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressants) in myasthenia gravis.
- A review of the ways in which healthcare professionals can be helped to adopt practices to involve their patients in the healthcare decision making process
- A review of unpublished regulatory information from trials of neuraminidase inhibitors (Tamiflu ‐ oseltamivir and Relenza ‐ zanamivir) for influenza
- A short course of radiotherapy to the chest for patients with lung cancer can improve symptoms without major side effects
- A single dose of ibuprofen administered orally to treat acute postoperative pain in adults
- A spray containing ipratropium bromide administered into the nose for the common cold
- A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials of medication in treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
- A tube fitted inside a vein to allow drug injections for people with cystic fibrosis
- ACE inhibitors (see Comparing ACE Inhibitors and related drugs)
- ACE inhibitors for the treatment of high blood pressure
- AIDS-Related Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)
- Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis
- Abdominal decompression in normal pregnancy
- Abdominal surgical incisions for caesarean section
- Abdominal wall lift decreases cardiopulmonary changes, does not influence the morbidity and, increases operating time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It cannot be recommended routinely
- Abortion after three months of pregnancy can be done by an operation or with medicines. This review looked at which way is better.
- Absence of trials examining whether early removal of central venous catheters is beneficial or harmful in newborn infants with bloodstream infection.
- Absorbable stitches for repair of episiotomy and tears at childbirth
- Absorbent products for light urinary incontinence in women
- Absorbent products for moderate‐heavy urinary and/or faecal incontinence in women and men
- Abstinence‐only programs for preventing HIV infection in high‐income countries (as defined by the World Bank)
- Abstinence‐plus programs for preventing HIV infection in high‐income countries (as defined by the World Bank)
- Academic support, career guidance, and social support might increase student enrollment and reduce drop‐out rates among 'at‐risk' health professional students
- Acamprosate for alcohol dependent patients
- Acanthopanax for acute ischaemic stroke
- Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children
- Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for myasthenia gravis
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors versus antipsychotics for schizophrenia either alone or in combination with antipsychotics.
- Action plans for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Action with problem drinkers can cut risk of injury
- Active compression‐decompression using a hand‐held device for emergency heart massage
- Active management of third stage of labour with ergot alkaloid drugs (e.g. ergometrine)
- Acupuncture (PDQ®)
- Acupuncture and assisted conception
- Acupuncture and dry‐needling for low back pain
- Acupuncture and related therapies do not appear to help smokers who are trying to quit.
- Acupuncture as a treatment modality for patients with glaucoma
- Acupuncture for ADHD in children and adolescents
- Acupuncture for Bell's palsy
- Acupuncture for acute management and rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury
- Acupuncture for acute stroke
- Acupuncture for cancer‐related pain in adults
- Acupuncture for chronic asthma
- Acupuncture for depression
- Acupuncture for dysphagia in acute stroke
- Acupuncture for elbow pain
- Acupuncture for epilepsy
- Acupuncture for induction of labour
- Acupuncture for insomnia
- Acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis
- Acupuncture for nausea and vomiting which has been induced by having chemotherapy treatment
- Acupuncture for near‐sightedness in children
- Acupuncture for neck pain
- Acupuncture for osteoarthritis
- Acupuncture for pain in endometriosis
- Acupuncture for people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
- Acupuncture for period pain
- Acupuncture for polycystic ovarian syndrome
- Acupuncture for schizophrenia
- Acupuncture for shoulder pain
- Acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation
- Acupuncture for tension‐type headache
- Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
- Acupuncture for uterine fibroids
- Acupuncture to treat vascular dementia
- Acupunture and electroacupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis
- Acupunture or acupressure for relieving pain in labour
- Acute respiratory tract infections: Can Umckaloabo or Kaloba relieve symptoms?
- Acute sinusitis: Can antibiotics help?
- Acyclovir can reduce the number of days with fever in otherwise healthy children with chickenpox, but its effect on sores and itching is not yet certain
- Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
- Ad libitum or demand/semi‐demand feeding versus scheduled interval feeding for preterm infants
- Adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis
- Adding a second drug improved tumor response rate and survival rate in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adding a third drug had a weaker effect on tumor response and no effect on survival
- Adding chemotherapy after surgery or radiotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer
- Adding chemotherapy before surgery and/or radiotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
- Adding ribavirin to interferon increases the number of patients who clear hepatitis C virus but also leads to several adverse reactions
- Adding the amino acid tyrosine to the diet of people with phenylketonuria
- Addition of drugs to a chemotherapy regimen for metastatic breast cancer
- Addition of long‐acting beta‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children
- Additional bedtime medication for the control of night‐time acid reflux from the stomach.
- Additional chemotherapy with doxorubicin marginally improves tumour response but increases side effects with no improvement in survival
- Additional oxygen in the treatment of cystic fibrosis
- Adenoidectomy for recurrent of chronic nasal symptoms in children
- Adenoidectomy for recurrent or chronic middle ear disease in children
- Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
- Adherence compounds in embryo transfer media for assisted reproductive technologies
- Adhesively or non‐adhesively bonded amalgam restorations for dental caries
- Adhesives for bonded molar tubes during fixed brace treatment
- Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands
- Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets
- Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV‐infection
- Adjustable versus non‐adjustable sutures for the eye muscles in strabismus surgery
- Adjusting the pH of lidocaine solution for reducing pain on injection
- Adjustment of antimicrobial agents for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
- Adjustment to Cancer: Anxiety and Distress (PDQ®)
- Adjuvant chemotherapy for small intestine adenocarcinoma
- Adjuvant gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogues for chemotherapy induced premature ovarian failure in premenopausal women
- Adjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy for early stage cervical cancer
- Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer
- Adjuvant therapy for completely resected stage II colon cancer
- Administering antimalarial drugs to prevent malaria in children during the malaria transmission season
- Administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for elective inguinal hernia repair cannot be universally recommended.
- Administration of intravenous antibiotics before placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube reduces infection at the site
- Administration of uterotonic drugs before and after placental delivery as part of the management of the third stage of labour following vaginal birth
- Admission tests other than cardiotocography for fetal assessment during labour
- Adrenaline for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with cardiovascular compromise
- Adrenaline for the emergency treatment of anaphylaxis
- Adrenergic drugs for urinary incontinence in adults
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Brain Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)
- Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®)
- Advance distribution of misoprostol for preventing and treating excessive blood loss after birth
- Advance treatment directives for people with severe mental illness
- Advanced breast cancer: Can bisphosphonates prevent broken bones?
- Advanced breast cancer: What effect does group therapy have?
- Advice on diet for malnutrition as a result of disease in adults
- Advice on material handling techniques and using assistive devices to prevent and treat back pain in workers
- Advice to reduce the amount of salt eaten reduces blood pressure but there is insufficient evidence to confirm the predicted reductions in people dying prematurely or suffering cardiovascular disease
- Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica
- Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections
- Advocacy interventions to help women who experience intimate partner abuse
- Aerobic exercise for adults living with HIV/AIDS
- Aerobic exercise for women during pregnancy
- Aerobic exercise training programmes for adults with Down syndrome
- Aerobic training for McArdle disease
- Aerosolized diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
- Aerosolized prostacyclin for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- After a heart attack: How do clopidogrel and prasugrel compare?
- After a stroke: Does fitness training improve overall health and mobility?
- After a stroke: Does treatment with dipyridamole and ASA have a benefit?
- After a stroke: How helpful is occupational therapy for people having problems with everyday activities like getting dressed?
- After a stroke: What are the options for managing depression?
- After surgery: Can ginger help prevent nausea and vomiting after an operation?
- Age-related macular degeneration: Can thermal laser therapy help slow down vision loss?
- Age-related macular degeneration: What are the benefits and harms of drugs that are injected into the eyeball?
- Age-related macular degeneration: What can photodynamic therapy do?
- Aiming for blood pressure targets lower than 140/90 mmHg is not beneficial
- Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth
- Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children
- Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants
- Alcohol and drug screening for preventing injury among people whose job involves driving
- Alcohol ignition interlocks may stop repeat drink driving offences, but only as long as they are still fitted
- Alcohol, with or without an antiseptic, for preparing the skin before blood collection, to prevent bacteraemia or contamination of blood for transfusion.
- Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is self‐help group, organised through an international organization of recovering alcoholics, that offers emotional support and a model of abstinence for people recovering from alcohol dependence using a 12‐step approach.
- Aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy
- Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease
- Alendronate for preventing fractures caused by osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
- Alexander technique for chronic asthma
- Alginate dressings for healing foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus
- Alkylating agents for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia
- Allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of chronic asthma
- Allergies: Can specific immunotherapy injections reduce hay fever and other forms of allergic rhinitis?
- Allergies: What are the advantages and disadvantages of various antihistamines?
- Allergies: What can you do around the house to reduce allergy symptoms caused by house dust mites?
- Allopurinol for preventing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants with suspected hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
- Almitrine‐Raubasine combination for dementia
- Aloe vera for treating acute and chronic wounds
- Alpha blocker treatment for men to increase chances to have urinary catheter successfully removed
- Alpha blockers have a modest BP lowering effect
- Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
- Alpha‐1 proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
- Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose
- Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Altered dietary salt for preventing pre‐eclampsia, and its complications
- Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia
- Alternative packages of antenatal care for low‐risk pregnant women
- Alternative positions for the baby immediately at birth before clamping the umbilical cord
- Alternative versus conventional institutional settings for birth
- Although the addition of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab to chemotherapy (R‐chemo) has been shown to improve response rates and progression‐free survival in patients with indolent or mantle cell lymphoma, the efficacy of R‐chemo with respect to overall survival is unclear.
- Alzheimer's Drugs (see Comparing Alzheimer's Drugs)
- Alzheimer’s disease: Do medications containing memantine help?
- Amantadine and rimantadine to prevent and treat influenza A in children and the elderly
- Ambulatory oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Ambulatory versus conventional methods for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy
- Amfetamine for ADHD in people with intellectual disabilities
- Amifostine for salivary glands in high‐dose radioactive iodine treated differentiated thyroid cancer
- Aminosalicylates for treatment of active Crohn's disease
- Amisulpride for schizophrenia
- Amisulpride versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
- Amitriptyline for depression
- Amniocentesis and placental sampling for pre‐birth diagnosis
- Amnioinfusion for meconium‐stained liquor in labour
- Amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression in labour
- Amnioinfusion for preterm premature rupture of membranes
- Amniotic fluid index compared with single deepest vertical pocket measurement in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome
- Amniotomy alone for induction of labour
- Amniotomy for shortening spontaneous labour
- Amniotomy plus intravenous oxytocin for induction of labour
- Amodiaquine for treating malaria
- Amphetamines for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in adults
- Amphetamines for improving recovery after stroke
- Amphetamines for schizophrenia
- Anabolic steroids for the treatment of weight loss in HIV‐infected individuals
- Anaesthesia for hand and forearm surgery via single, double or multiple injections placed close to nerves in the armpit
- Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults
- Anaesthesia for treating distal radial fracture in adults
- Anakinra for Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Anal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)
- Analgesia for amniocentesis
- Analgesic effects of antipsychotics in acute and chronic painful states
- Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOA) are relatively rare brain tumors. They have been traditionally treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy
- Angina pectoris and heart attacks: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using ASA and clopidogrel together?
- Angiogenesis‐inhibitors for metastatic thyroid cancer
- Angioplasty for intracranial artery stenosis
- Angioplasty versus angioplasty and stenting for lesions of the superficial femoral artery
- Angioplasty versus conservative management of intermittent claudication, leg pain on walking
- Angioplasty versus stenting for subclavian artery stenosis
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) were found to be effective for the primary prevention of kidney disease in patients with diabetes
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease
- Angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of high blood pressure
- Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early chronic kidney disease who do not have diabetes
- Animal derived surfactant extract treatment for respiratory distress syndrome
- Antenatal abdominal decompression for maternal hypertension or impaired fetal growth
- Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration
- Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth
- Antenatal day care units versus hospital admission for women with pregnancy complications
- Antenatal education for self‐diagnosis of the onset of active labour at term
- Antenatal interventions for fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
- Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery
- Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma
- Antenatal phenobarbital for reducing neonatal jaundice after red cell isoimmunization
- Antenatal psychosocial assessment for reducing perinatal mental health morbidity
- Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women
- Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis
- Antiangiogenic therapy for diabetic macular oedema
- Antiangiogenic therapy with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor modalities for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
- Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm afrer cardioverision of atrial fibrillation
- Antibacterial agents in composite restorations for the prevention of dental caries
- Antibiotic duration for treating uncomplicated symptomatic lower urinary tract infection in elderly women
- Antibiotic policies for short‐term catheter bladder drainage in adults
- Antibiotic prophylaxis could be considered for routine in emergency appendectomies.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for elective gallbladder surgery
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of bacterial infections and death in cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tear during vaginal birth
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy
- Antibiotic regimens for endometritis after delivery
- Antibiotic regimens for management of intraamniotic infection
- Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis
- Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants
- Antibiotic therapy compared to appendectomy in the treatment of acute appendicitis.
- Antibiotic therapy for Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhea in adults
- Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery
- Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in patients with acute stroke
- Antibiotic treatment for people with a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis
- Antibiotic treatment for the prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non‐HIV immunocompromised patients
- Antibiotic treatment reduces duration and severity of travellers' diarrhoea.
- Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis
- Antibiotics and antiseptics to help healing venous leg ulcers
- Antibiotics are effective in preventing post‐operative complications following infection of the peritoneum (peritonitis), but there is no evidence to support that one regimen is superior to another, and at the same time has less side effects.
- Antibiotics compared with no treatment or placebo for the treatment of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
- Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis
- Antibiotics for adults with acute laryngitis
- Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
- Antibiotics for brain abscesses in people with cyanotic congenital heart disease
- Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in babies
- Antibiotics for community acquired pneumonia in adolescent and adult outpatients
- Antibiotics for covert bacteriuria in children
- Antibiotics for gonorrhoea in pregnancy
- Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women
- Antibiotics for meconium‐stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections
- Antibiotics for people with peptic ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection
- Antibiotics for people with sore throats
- Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
- Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes
- Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles
- Antibiotics for preventing early central venous catheter Gram positive infections in people with cancer
- Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures
- Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections
- Antibiotics for prevention with IUDs
- Antibiotics for prolonged moist cough in children
- Antibiotics for reducing the pain of middle ear infection (acute otitis media) in children
- Antibiotics for reducing the rate of infection after bites by mammals such as humans
- Antibiotics for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients
- Antibiotics for syphilis diagnosed during pregnancy
- Antibiotics for the common cold, an infection of the upper respiratory tract
- Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry
- Antibiotics for the treatment of leptospirosis
- Antibiotics for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
- Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy
- Antibiotics for treating chronic osteomyelitis in adults
- Antibiotics for treating osteomyelitis in people with sickle cell disease
- Antibiotics for treating pneumonia caught outside of hospital or care homes in people with sickle cell disease
- Antibiotics for treating salmonella gut infections
- Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus
- Antibiotics for ureaplasma in the vagina in pregnancy
- Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis)
- Antibiotics may prevent complications following endoscopy of the bile or pancreatic ductal systems
- Antibiotics need to be administered to patients prior to colorectal surgery
- Antibiotics or tonsillectomy for people with psoriasis.
- Antibiotics reduce the prevalence of ocular infection with trachoma
- Antibiotics to help reduce mortality and respiratory infections in people receiving intensive care in hospital
- Antibiotics to prevent acute ear infections in children
- Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections due to chemotherapy in cancer patients with a low white blood cell count and no fever
- Antibiotics to prevent infection of the brain coverings (meningitis) in patients with basilar skull fracture
- Antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery
- Antibiotics to reduce pain and improve recovery following tonsillectomy
- Antibiotics to treat community‐acquired lower respiratory tract infections secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children
- Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis
- Antibiotics vs. acid suppression therapy (with or without long‐term maintenance acid suppression therapy) for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer
- Antibody therapy is better that steroid treatment for reversing the first acute rejection episode, however antibody‐treated patients are more likely to experience an immediate reaction of fever, chills and malaise than those receiving steroid.
- Anticholinergic agents for chronic asthma in adults
- Anticholinergic bronchodilators versus beta2‐sympathomimetic agents for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Anticholinergic drugs can improve movement symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but with adverse mental effects, and there is not enough evidence to compare the different drugs.
- Anticholinergic drugs for wheeze in children under the age of two years
- Anticholinergic drugs in patients with overactive bladder syndrome.
- Anticholinergic drugs in subjects with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and urinary symptoms.
- Anticholinergic drugs versus non‐drug active therapies (e.g. bladder training, pelvic floor muscle training or electrical stimulation) in the management of over active bladder syndrome in adults.
- Anticholinergic medication for neuroleptic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
- Anticholinergics for neuroleptic‐induced acute akathisia
- Anticholinergics for prolonged non specific cough in children
- Anticoagulants compared with anti‐inflammatory drugs or placebo for treating people who have venous blood clots
- Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke
- Anticoagulants for intermittent claudication
- Anticoagulants for preventing recurrence following presumed non‐cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
- Anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack
- Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet agents for acute ischaemic stroke
- Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack
- Anticoagulation for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
- Anticoagulation therapy for serious blood clots during pregnancy
- Anticonvulsant drugs for migraine prophylaxis
- Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus
- Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal syndrome
- Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence.
- Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures
- Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal asphyxia
- Anticonvulsants for tinnitus
- Antidepressant Medicines: A Guide for Adults with Depression
- Antidepressant drugs for narcolepsy
- Antidepressant prevention of postnatal depression
- Antidepressants (see Comparing Antidepressants)
- Antidepressants and psychological treatments, alone or combined, for bulimia nervosa
- Antidepressants compared with placebo for bulimia nervosa
- Antidepressants compared with placebos for depressed older people
- Antidepressants drugs compared with placebos for dysthymia
- Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in dementia
- Antidepressants for anorexia nervosa
- Antidepressants for cocaine abuse and dependence
- Antidepressants for depressed older people
- Antidepressants for depression in physically ill people
- Antidepressants for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Antidepressants for non‐specific low‐back pain
- Antidepressants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis
- Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus
- Antidepressants for people with both schizophrenia and depression
- Antidepressants for post‐natal depression
- Antidepressants for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- Antidepressants for the treatment of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain
- Antidepressants for treating neuropathic pain
- Antidepressants plus benzodiazepines for major depression
- Antidepressants versus placebo for depression in primary care
- Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning
- Antiemetics (see Comparing Newer Antiemetics)
- Antiepileptic drugs for preventing seizures in people with brain tumors
- Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after intracranial venous thrombosis (ICVT)
- Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke
- Antiepileptic drugs for treating recurrent aggression
- Antiepileptic drugs for treating seizures in adults with brain tumours
- Antiepileptics (see Comparing Antiepileptics for Bipolar Disorder, Migraines, Fibromyalgia, and Chronic Pain)
- Antifibrinolytic agents help reduce heavy menstrual bleeding in women
- Antifibrinolytic agents to reduce blood loss in the surgical correction of scoliosis (abnormal curvatures of the spine) in children
- Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Antifungal agents for infants and children with invasive fungal infections
- Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non‐neutropenic critically ill patients
- Antifungal drugs used for prevention can significantly reduce the number of invasive fungal infections in liver transplant patients
- Antifungal interventions for the primary prevention of cryptococcal disease in adults with HIV
- Antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis
- Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer
- Antiglucocorticoid treatments for mood disorders
- Antihistamines (see Comparing New Antihistamines)
- Antihistamines as an addition to topical nasal steroids for allergic rhinitis in children
- Antihistamines with or without decongestants for otitis media with effusion (OME) ('glue ear') in children
- Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
- Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis
- Antimicrobial agents for treating acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
- Antimicrobial drugs for treating methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization
- Antineoplastons (PDQ®)
- Antioxidant micronutrients for cystic fibrosis lung disease
- Antioxidant supplements cannot be recommended for gastrointestinal cancer prevention
- Antioxidant supplements for liver disease
- Antioxidant vitamins and mineral supplements to prevent the development of age‐related macular degeneration
- Antioxidant vitamins and mineral supplements to slow down the progression of age‐related macular degeneration
- Antioxidants and other pharmacological treatment for Friedreich ataxia
- Antioxidants for male subfertility
- Antioxidants for preventing pre‐eclampsia
- Antioxidants for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Antiplatelet Agents (see Comparing Newer Antiplatelet Agents)
- Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension
- Antiplatelet agents for preventing failure of peripheral arterial grafts
- Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre‐eclampsia and its complications
- Antiplatelet agents for reducing risks in patients with peripheral arterial disease and cramping pain in legs on walking
- Antiplatelet drugs for preventing arterial and venous thrombotic events in patients with polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocythaemia
- Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
- Antiplatelet therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after carotid endarterectomy
- Antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation and no previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
- Antipsychotic drugs for elderly people with late‐onset schizophrenia
- Antipsychotic drugs for non‐affective psychosis during pregnancy and postpartum
- Antipsychotic medication for challenging behaviour in people with learning disability
- Antipsychotic medication for childhood‐onset schizophrenia
- Antipsychotic medication for early episode schizophrenia
- Antipsychotic medication for elderly people with schizophrenia
- Antipsychotic medication versus placebo for people with both schizophrenia and learning disability
- Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence
- Antipsychotics (see Comparing Atypical Antipsychotics)
- Antipyretic measures for treating fever in malaria
- Antiretroviral post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
- Antiretroviral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high‐risk individuals
- Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy
- Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV‐discordant couples
- Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV infection
- Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants
- Antithrombin III for critically ill patients
- Antithrombin for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
- Antithrombotic drugs for carotid artery dissection
- Antithrombotic drugs to prevent further blood vessel blockage after bypass surgery using vein grafts obtained from the same person (autologous) or artificial grafts in the legs
- Antithrombotic therapy for improving maternal or infant health outcomes in women considered at risk of placental dysfunction
- Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism
- Antitumour antibiotic containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer
- Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates
- Antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating the symptoms of influenza A in adults
- Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy
- Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C in patients with HIV infection
- Antiviral treatment for influenza infection in people with cystic fibrosis
- Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia
- Antivirals for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
- Antivirals, interferon, and débridement treatments for herpes simplex eye disease
- Anti‐D administration after childbirth for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation
- Anti‐D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation
- Anti‐Immunoglobulin E (Omalizumab/Xolair) for chronic asthma in adults and children
- Anti‐TNF‐α drugs for women with endometriosis‐related pelvic pain
- Anti‐anemia drugs shorten survival for some cancer patients
- Anti‐depressant therapies may be able to help relieve depression in people with Parkinson's disease but more research is needed on safety and effectiveness.
- Anti‐epileptic drugs can reduce seizures after head injury, but more research is needed to establish whether this leads to a reduction in deaths or disability
- Anti‐epileptic drugs for preventing seizures in patients with long‐term subdural haematoma
- Anti‐fibrinolytic drugs for reducing blood loss and the need for red blood cell transfusions during and after surgery.
- Anti‐histamines for prolonged non‐specific cough in children
- Anti‐inflammatory drugs for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children
- Anti‐leukotriene agents compared to inhaled corticosteroids for people with asthma
- Anti‐sickness medication for vomiting in acute stomach upsets in children
- Anti‐tuberculous therapy for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease
- Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for macular edema secondary to central vein occlusion
- Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for prevention of postoperative vitreous cavity haemorrhage after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- Applying negative pressure rapidly or in steps for vacuum extraction assisted vaginal delivery
- Applying positive pressure at the end of each breath during anaesthesia for the prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications
- Aptrotinin and tranexamic acid may show promise in decreasing blood loss and blood transfusion requirements
- Aquatic exercise for osteoarthritis
- Aqueous shunts for glaucoma
- Are DNA repair inhibitors as effective and harmless compared to conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer?
- Are EGFR inhibitors, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, likely to improve outcome in women with ovarian cancer?
- Are cardioselective beta‐blockers a safe and effective treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- Are colloids more effective than crystalloids in reducing mortality in people who are critically ill or injured
- Are interventions that are implemented in alcohol server settings (e.g. bars and pubs) effective for preventing injuries?
- Are particular types of colloid solution safer for replacing blood fluids than others
- Are school‐based programmes aimed at children who are considered at risk of aggressive behaviour, effective in reducing violence?
- Are school‐based programmes effective in the long term in preventing uptake of smoking
- Are shorter courses or oral steroids as effective as longer courses for the treatment of exacerbations of COPD?
- Are stage‐based interventions more effective than non‐stage‐based ones in helping smokers to quit?
- Are substances that inhibit the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis inhibitors), alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, likely to improve outcomes for women with ovarian cancer?
- Are there any effective interventions to help individuals with schizophrenia to quit or to reduce smoking?
- Are there any smoking cessation programmes which can help adolescents to stop smoking
- Are there effective methods to improve the process of referring patients to specialised care?
- Are there ways to help partners and others to give more effective support to people who are trying to quit smoking
- Are there ways to help people stop using smokeless tobacco
- Area‐wide traffic calming (such as introducing road/speed humps) may reduce death and injury from road traffic crashes but more research is needed
- Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
- Aripiprazole for schizophrenia
- Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
- Aripiprazole versus placebo for schizophrenia
- Aripiprazole versus typical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia
- Aromatase inhibitors for treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women
- Aromatherapy and Essential Oils (PDQ®)
- Aromatherapy for pain management in labour
- Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like illnesses
- Artemether‐lumefantrine (four‐dose regimen) for treating uncomplicated malaria
- Artemether‐lumefantrine (six‐dose regimen) for treating uncomplicated malaria
- Artemisinin derivatives for treating severe malaria
- Artemisinin drugs for treating uncomplicated malaria are better used in combination therapy
- Artemisinin‐based Combination Therapy (ACT) for treating non‐severe malaria due to Plasmodium vivax
- Artemisinin‐based combination treatments for uncomplicated malaria
- Artesunate plus mefloquine tested in areas with low malaria transmission performed better than mefloquine alone for treating uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum
- Artesunate reduces death from severe malaria
- Arthritis: Can psychological techniques help people cope better with the pain and the disease?
- Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders
- Arthrographic distension for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)
- Arthroscopic debridement for osteoarthritis of the knee
- Arthroscopy for temporomandibular disorders
- Artichoke leaf extract for treating high cholesterol levels
- Article: What you should know about screening tests
- Artificial limb rehabilitation for older people with a leg amputated at or above the knee because of blood circulation problems
- Artificial tube feeding methods for use with patients with head and neck cancer who are receiving treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both
- Aspirin for successful pregnancy with in vitro fertilisation
- Aspirin or anticoagulants for treating recurrent miscarriage in women without antiphospholipid syndrome
- Aspirin with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
- Aspirin, steroid and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use for treating Alzheimer's disease
- Assisted hatching of fertilised eggs to improve the chances of pregnancy in assisted conception (IVF and ICSI)
- Assistive technology for rheumatoid arthritis
- Asthma and exercise: How does swimming compare to other types of sports?
- Asthma controller drugs (see Comparing Asthma Controller Drugs)
- Asthma medication: How do fixed combinations of inhaled steroids and long-acting beta-2-agonists compare to combinations of the same drugs taken separately?
- Asthma medication: How does montelukast compare?
- Asthma: Are inhaled corticosteroids safe in pregnancy?
- Asthma: Can specific immunotherapy reduce the symptoms, and how safe is it?
- Asthma: Does breathing training help?
- At a glance: Bowel cancer – screening and prevention
- At a glance: Choosing between treatment options
- At a glance: Menstrual disorders
- At a glance: Obstructive sleep apnea
- At a glance: Sleep and insomnia
- At the moment there is no evidence to support one frequency of administration of erythropoietin over another
- At this time, benzodiazepines cannot be recommended for the treatment of non‐alcohol related delirium
- Atovaquone‐proguanil appears to be more effective than individual drugs for treating uncomplicated malaria, but there are few data comparing atovaquone‐proguanil to other combination therapies
- Atrial natriuretic peptide for preventing and treating acute kidney injury
- Atypical antipsychotics benefit people with dementia but the risks of adverse events may outweigh the benefits, particularly with long term treatment
- Atypical antipsychotics for people with both schizophrenia and depression
- Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies
- Audio recordings or written summaries of key consultations for adults with cancer
- Audio‐visual presentation of information used in the informed consent process for people considering entering clinical trials
- Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
- Audit filters for improving trauma care
- Auditory integration therapy for autism spectrum disorders
- Auranofin for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
- Auricular acupuncture for cocaine dependence
- Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion (glue ear)
- Autologous chondrocyte implantation for full thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee
- Avocado soybean unsaponifiables show beneficial effects in people with osteoarthritis
- Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants
- Ayurvedic medicine for schizophrenia
- Ayurvedic treatments for diabetes mellitus:
- Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
- Azathioprine as an oral corticosteroid sparing agent for asthma
- Azathioprine for treating rheumatoid arthritis
- Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
- Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for the treatment of active Crohn's disease
- Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections
- Azithromycin is not useful as monotherapy for uncomplicated malaria. In combinations with other antimalarials, it may need to be used at high doses, potentially affecting tolerability.
- Azoles for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with asthma