[Table, Regression models using the main effects with and without squared terms and interaction term (using models estimated from 3-month data and used to predict EQ-5D scores at 12 months)]. - Management of Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

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	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
Econometric estimation method	OLS^a		OLS^a		OLS^a		TOBIT		CLAD
Independent variables	PCS MCS		PCS MCS, squared terms		PCS MCS, squared terms and interaction term		PCS MCS, squared terms and interaction term		PCS MCS, squared terms and interaction term
	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE
Intercept	0.2842682	0.1811317	−0.6233533	0.5770837	−1.552434	0.749881	−1.814838	0.7887539	−0.6770489	1.035821
PCS	0.004559	0.003425	0.0018081	0.0201721	0.0249701	0.0232969	0.0286508	0.0244527	0.0157259	0.0273862
MCS	0.0026323	0.0030736	0.0516204	0.0221907	0.073418	0.0246642	0.0831682	0.0259928	0.0399689	0.0316185
PCS*PCS			0.0000186	0.000258	0.0000464	0.0002541	0.000041	0.0002683	0.0000152	0.0002815
MCS*MCS			−0.0005561	0.0002495	−0.0005877	0.0002459	−0.0006711	0.0002584	−0.0002875	0.0002772
PCS*MCS					−0.00052	0.0002744	−0.0005816	0.0002883	−0.0002641	0.0003168
Adjusted R²	0.0147		0.0513		0.0830		–		–
ME	0.0662		0.0703		0.0761		0.0654		−0.0100
MAE	0.1969		0.2045		0.2039		0.2672		0.1531
RMSE	0.247936		0.266884		0.260014		0.351159		0.221678
\|Differencel\|^b
\|Δ\| ≤ 0.10	51	31%	55	34%	58	36%	58	36%	94	58%
\|Δ\| ≤ 0.05	23	14%	34	21%	39	24%	36	22%	56	34%
\|Δ\| ≤ 0.01	7	4%	15	9%	8	8%	17	6%	16	10%
	Actual	Predict		Predict		Predict		Predict		Predict
Mean	0.6690	0.6028		0.5987		0.5929		0.6037		0.6790
SD	0.29254	0.07250		0.1277		0.15807		0.19692		0.12368
Min.	−0.24	0.46		−0.20		−0.24		−0.50		0.10
Max.	1.00	0.71		0.76		0.86		0.91		0.84
Range^c	1.02	0.256		0.607		0.755		0.846		0.541

: SE, robust standard error.
a: With adjustment for repeated measurements at 1, 3 and 12 months' follow-up.
b: Proportion of predicted values with errors < |0.01|, |0.05| and |0.10|.
c: Range = maximum value - minimum value.
: Validation data set = 163.

Management of Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Health Technology Assessment, No. 16.11.

Maund E, Craig D, Suekarran S, et al.

Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2012 Mar.

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