QUADAS – diagnostic test accuracy

StudyRepresentative?
Selection criteria
Index test / reference standard well described?
Reference standard OK?
Independent of index test?
Verification bias (partial and differential)Same Clinical Data?
Intermediate tests reported?
Withdrawals?
Overall Assessement
Aerts 1997Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? unclear; classic tilt (non-pharmacological) compared with HUT-ISO
Is time between tests short enough? yes; only 1 test classic then isosorbide dinitrate if negative
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Aerts 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Aerts 2005Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Aerts 2005bRepresentative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Almquist 1989Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Aslan 2002Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Athanasos 2003Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Bartoletti 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? no
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? unclear; HUT-NTG conventional not expert clinician

Is time between tests short enough? yes; 24–72 hours
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Benchimol 2008Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Brignole 1991Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Carlioz 1997Representative? no; young patients
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-passive
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Carlioz 1997Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes;
HUT-ISO
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Del Rosso 1998Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Del Rosso 2002Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Doi 2002Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Fitzpatrick 1991Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Gielerak 2002Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Gilligan 1992Representative? yes
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
+
Graham 2001Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-GTN
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Graham 2001Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-ISO
Is ref std well described? yes
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Grubb 1991bRepresentative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Grubb 1992bRepresentative? no; elderly patients only
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? N/A
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Herrmosillo 2000Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT_-ISO
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Herrmosillo 2000Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-ISDN
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Herrmosillo 2000Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Lagi 1992Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Lazzeri 2000Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Micieli 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Mittal 2004Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? no
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? yes
Same ref std? yes.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Morillo 1995Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Mussi 2001Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Oraii 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-ISO
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Oraii 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-GTN
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Oraii 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Oribe 1997Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Parry 2008Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-GTN
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Parry 2008Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Podoleanu 2004Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Prakash 2004Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Shen 1999Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Theodorakis 2000Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-clomipramine
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Theodorakis 2000Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patients versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Theodorakis 2003Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-ISO
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patiernts versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Theodorakis 2003Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-clomipramine
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes; patiernts versus controls
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Zeng 2001Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-GTN conventional
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A
Zeng 2001Representative? no
Selection Criteria Described? yes
Is index test well described? yes; HUT-GTN single stage
Is ref std well described? N/A
Is ref std OK? yes
Is time between tests short enough? yes
Is ref standard independent? yes
All receive ref std? N/A
Same ref std? N/A.
Same clinical data available? yes
Uninterpretable/ Intermediate reported? N/A
Withdrawals explained? N/A

From: Appendix D2, Methodological quality

Cover of Transient Loss of Consciousness (‘Blackouts’) Management in Adults and Young People
Transient Loss of Consciousness (‘Blackouts’) Management in Adults and Young People [Internet].
NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 109.
National Clinical Guideline Centre for Acute and Chronic Conditions (UK).
Copyright © National Clinical Guideline Centre for Acute and Chronic Conditions, 2010.

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