Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with identified risk factors
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- ARMSTRONG1999 (Published Data Only)
*. Armstrong KL, Fraser JA, Dadds MR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of nurse home visiting to vulnerable families with newborns.
Journal of Paediatric Child Health. 1999;35:237–244. [
PubMed: 10404442]
Fraser JA. Home visiting intervention for vulnerable families with newborns: follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial.
Child Abuse & Neglect. 2000;24:1399–1429. [
PubMed: 11128173]
Armstrong KL, Fraser JA, Dadds MR, et al. Promoting secure attachment, maternal mood and child health in a vulnerable population: a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Paediatric Child Health. 2000;36:555–562. [
PubMed: 11115031]
Brugha TS, Wheatley S, Taub NA, et al. Pragmatic randomized trial of antenatal intervention to prevent post-natal depression by reducing psychosocial risk factors.
Psychological Medicine. 2000;30:1273–1281. [
PubMed: 11097068]
Dennis CL. The effect of peer support on postpartum depression: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;48:115–124. [
PubMed: 12655910]
Gamble J, Creedy D, Moyle W, et al. Effectiveness of a counseling intervention after a traumatic childbirth: a randomized controlled trial.
Birth. 2005;32:11–19. [
PubMed: 15725200]
University of Iowa. Prevention of Postpartum Depression in High Risk Women. 2001
HAGAN2004 (Unpublished Data Only)Hagan R, Evans SF, Pope S. Preventing postnatal depression in mothers of very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004;111:641–647. [
PubMed: 15198752]
Heinicke CM, Fineman NR, Ruth G, et al. Relationship-based intervention with at-risk mothers: outcome in the first year of life. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1999;20:349–374.
HISCOCK2002 (Unpublished and Published Data)Hiscock H, Wake M. Randomised controlled trial of behavioural infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep and maternal mood.
British Medical Journal. 2002;324:1062–1065. [
PMC free article: PMC104332] [
PubMed: 11991909]
Horowitz JA, Bell M, Trybulski J, et al. Promoting responsiveness between mothers with depressive symptoms and their infants.
Journal of Nursing Scholarshi. 2001;33:323–329. [
PubMed: 11775301]
Marcenko MO, Spence M. Home visitation services for at-risk pregnant and postpartum women: a randomized trial.
The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1994;64:468–478. [
PubMed: 7977669]
Meyer EC, Coll CT, Lester BM, et al. Family-based intervention improves maternal psychological well-being and feeding interaction of preterm infants.
Pediatrics. 1994;93:241–246. [
PubMed: 8121735]
Middlemiss C, Dawson AJ, Gough N, et al. A randomised study of a domiciliary antenatal care scheme: maternal psychological effects.
Midwifery. 1989;5:69–74. [
PubMed: 2668706]
Ryding EL, Wiron E, Johansson G, et al. Group counseling for mothers after emergency cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial of intervention.
Birth. 2004;31:247–253. [
PubMed: 15566336]
Enkin M. A midwife-led debriefing session after operative childbirth did not reduce postpartum depression. Evidence-Based Mental Health. 2001;6:74.
*. Small R, Lumley J, Donohue L, et al. Randomised controlled trial of midwife led debriefing to reduce maternal depression after operative childbirth.
British Medical Journal. 2000;321:1043–1047. [
PMC free article: PMC27510] [
PubMed: 11053173]
STAMP1995 (Published Data Only)Stamp GE, Williams AS, Crowther CA. Evaluation of antenatal and postnatal support to overcome postnatal depression: a randomized, controlled trial.
Birth. 1995;22:138–143. [
PubMed: 7575861]
Webster J, Linnane J, Roberts J, et al. IDentify, Educate and Alert (IDEA) trial: an intervention to reduce postnatal depression.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003;110:842–846. [
PubMed: 14511967]
Zlotnick C, Johnson SL, Miller IW, et al. Postpartum depression in women receiving public assistance: pilot study of an interpersonal-therapy-oriented group intervention.
American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:638–640. [
PubMed: 11282702]
Zlotnick C, Miller IW, Pearlstein T, et al. A preventative intervention for pregnant women on public assistance at risk for postpartum depression.
American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163:1443–1445. [
PMC free article: PMC4387544] [
PubMed: 16877662]
References of Excluded Studies
- BRISCH2003 (Published Data Only)
Brisch KH, Bechinger D, Betzler S, et al. Early preventive attachment-oriented psychotherapeutic intervention program with parents of a very low birthweight1 premature infant: results of attachment and neurological development.
Attachment and Human Development. 2003;5:120–135. [
PubMed: 12791563]
- BUIST1999 (Published Data Only)
Buist A, Westley D, Hill C. Antenatal prevention of postnatal depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 1999;1:167–173.
- CARRERA1998 (Published Data Only)
Carrera L, Diez DJ, Montanana V, et al. Depression in women suffering perinatal loss.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1998;62:149–153. [
PubMed: 9749886]
- CHABROL2002 (Published Data Only)
Chabrol H, Teissedre F, Saint-Jean M, et al. Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: a controlled randomized study on women at risk.
Psychological Medicine. 2002;32:1039–1047. [
PubMed: 12214785]
- ELLIOTT2000 (Published Data Only)
Elliott SA, Leverton TJ, Sanjack M, et al. Promoting mental health after childbirth: a controlled trial of primary prevention of postnatal depression.
British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2000;39:223–241. [
PubMed: 11033746]
- FEIJO2006 (Published Data Only)
Feijo L, Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, et al. Mothers’ depressed mood and anxiety levels are reduced after massaging their preterm infants.
Infant Behavior and Development. 2006;29:476–480. [
PubMed: 17138300]
- HEH2003 (Published Data Only)
Heh SS, Fu YY. Effectiveness of informational support in reducing the severity of postnatal depression in Taiwan.
Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003;42:30–36. [
PubMed: 12641809]
- JOHNSON1993 (Published Data Only)
Johnson Z, Howell F, Molloy B. Community mothers’ programme: randomised controlled trial of non-professional intervention in parenting.
British Medical Journal. 1993;306:1449–1452. [
PMC free article: PMC1677859] [
PubMed: 8518642]
- LANGER1996 (Published Data Only)
Langer A, Farnot U, Garcia C, et al. The Latin American trial of psychosocial support during pregnancy: effects on mother’s wellbeing and satisfaction.
Social Science and Medicine. 1996;42:1589–1597. [
PubMed: 8771642]
- OAKLEY1990 (Published Data Only)
Oakley A, Rajan L, Grant A. Social support and pregnancy outcome.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;97:155–162. [
PubMed: 2317466]
- OLDS1997 (Published Data Only)
Olds DL, Eckenrode J, Henderson CR, et al. Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial.
The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1997;278:637–643. [
PubMed: 9272895]
- OLDS1998A (Published Data Only)
Olds D. Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children’s criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998;280:1238–1244. [
PubMed: 9786373]
- OLDS2002 (Published Data Only)
Olds DL, Robinson J, Brien R, et al. Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: a randomized, controlled trial.
Pediatrics. 2002;110:486–496. [
PubMed: 12205249]
- OLDS2004 (Published Data Only)
Olds DL, Robinson J, Pettitt L, et al. Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial.
Pediatrics. 2004;114:1560–1568. [
PubMed: 15574615]
- OLDS2004A (Published Data Only)
Olds DL, Kitzman H, Cole R, et al. Effects of nurse home-visiting on maternal life course and child development: age 6 follow-up results of a randomized trial.
Pediatrics. 2004;114:1550–1559. [
PubMed: 15574614]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with no identified risk factors
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- HAYES2001 (Published Data Only)
*. Hayes BA. Perinatal depression: a randomized controlled trial of an antenatal education intervention for primiparas.
Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care. 2001;28:28–35. [
PubMed: 11264626]
Hayes BA, Muller R. Prenatal depression: a randomized controlled trial in the emotional health of primiparous women.
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice. 2004;18:165–183. [
PubMed: 15553345]
Hodnett ED, Lowe NK, Hannah ME, et al. Effectiveness of nurses as providers of birth labor support in North American hospitals: a randomized controlled trial.
The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;288:1373–1381. [
PubMed: 12234231]
Lavender T, Walkinshaw SA. Can midwives reduce postpartum psychological morbidity? A randomized trial.
Birth. 1998;25:215–219. [
PubMed: 9892887]
*. Morrell CJ, Spiby H, Stewart P, et al. Costs and effectiveness of community postnatal support workers: randomised controlled trial.
Health Technology Assessment. 2000;4:1–78. [
PubMed: 10858637]
Morrell CJ, Spiby H, Stewart P, et al. Costs and effectiveness of community postnatal support workers: randomised controlled trial.
British Medical Journal. 2000;321:593–598. [
PMC free article: PMC27472] [
PubMed: 10977833]
Priest SR, Henderson J, Evans SF, et al. Stress debriefing after childbirth: a randomised controlled trial.
The Medical Journal of Australia. 2003;178:542–545. [
PubMed: 12765500]
Reid M, Glazener C, Murray GD, et al. A two-centred pragmatic randomised controlled trial of two interventions of postnatal support.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002;109:1164–1170. [
PubMed: 12387471]
Wiggins M, Oakley A, Roberts I, et al. Postnatal support for mothers living in disadvantaged inner city areas: a randomised control trial.
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2005;59:288–295. [
PMC free article: PMC1733057] [
PubMed: 15767382]
References of Excluded Studies
- BASTANI2005 (Published Data Only)
Bastani F, Hidarnia A, Kazemnejad A, et al. A randomised controlled trial of the effects of applied relaxation training on reducing anxiety and perceived stress in pregnant women.
Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health. 2005;50:e36–e40. [
PubMed: 15973255]
- BASTANI2006 (Published Data Only)
Bastani F, Hidarnia A, Montgomery KS, et al. Does relaxation education in anxious primigravid Iranian women influence adverse pregnancy oucomes? A randomised controlled trial.
Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing. 2006;20:138–146. [
PubMed: 16714913]
- ESCOBAR2001 (Published Data Only)
Escobar GJ, Braveman PA, Ackerson L, et al. A randomized comparison of home visits and hospital-based group follow-up visits after early postpartum discharge.
Pediatrics. 2001;108:719–727. [
PubMed: 11533342]
- FIELD1999 (Published Data Only)
Field T, Hernandez RM, Hart S, Theakston H, Schanberg S, Kuhn C. Pregnant women benefit from massage therapy.
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999;20:31–38. [
PubMed: 10212885]
- FLEMING1992 (Published Data Only)
Fleming AS, Klein E, Corter C. The effects of a social support group on depression, maternal attitudes and behavior in new mothers.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1992;33:685–698. [
PubMed: 1601943]
- GORDON1960 (Published Data Only)
Gordon R, Gordon K. Social factors in prevention of postpartum emotional problems.
Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1960;15:433–438. [
PubMed: 13851228]
- GORDON1999 (Published Data Only)
Gordon NP, Walton D, McAdam E, et al. Effects of providing hospital-based doulas in health maintenance organization hospitals.
Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999;93:422–426. [
PubMed: 10074992]
- GORMAN1997 (Unpublished and Published Data)
Gorman LL. Prevention of postpartum adjustment difficulties. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering. 1997;58:2674.
- HALONEN1985 (Published Data Only)
Halonen JS. Relaxation training and expectation in the treatment of postpartum distress.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 1985;53:839–845. [
PubMed: 3910678]
- HEMMINNKI1990 (Published Data Only)
Hemminnki E, Virta AL, Kopinen P, et al. A trial on continuous human support during labor: feasibility, interventions and mother’s satisfaction. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;11:239–250.
- HOFMEYR1991 (Published Data Only)
*. Hofmeyr GJ, Nikodem VC, Wolman WL, et al. Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour, and breastfeeding.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1991;98:756–764. [
PubMed: 1911582]
Wolman WL, Chalmers B, Hofmeyr GJ, et al. Postpartum depression and companionship in the clinical birth environment: a randomized, controlled study.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993;168:1388–1393. [
PubMed: 8498417]
Kennell J, Klaus M, McGrath S, et al. Continuous emotional support during labor in a US hospital A randomized controlled trial.
The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1991;265:2197–2201. [
PubMed: 2013951]
Klaus MH, Kennell JH, Robertson SS, et al. Effects of social support during parturition on maternal and infant morbidity.
British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 1986;293:585–587. [
PMC free article: PMC1341377] [
PubMed: 3092934]
Langer A, Campero L, Garcia C, et al. Effects of psychosocial support during labour and childbirth on breastfeeding, medical interventions, and mothers’ wellbeing in a Mexican public hospital: a randomised clinical trial.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998;105:1056–1063. [
PubMed: 9800927]
Midmer D, Wilson L, Cummings S. A randomized, controlled trial of the influence of prenatal parenting education on postpartum anxiety and marital adjustment.
Family Medicine. 1995;27:200–205. [
PubMed: 7774781]
Nikodem VC, Nolte AG, Wolman W, et al. Companionship by a lay labour supporter to modify the clinical birth environment: long-term effects on mother and child.
Curationis. 1998;21:8–12. [
PubMed: 9791343]
Okano T, Nagata S, Hasegawa M, et al. Effectiveness of antenatal education about postnatal depression: a comparison of two groups of Japanese mothers. Journal of Mental Health. 1998;7:191–198.
REES1995 (Published Data Only)Rees BL. Effect of relaxation with guided imagery on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in primiparas.
Journal of Holistic Nursing. 1995;13:255–267. [
PubMed: 7650352]
Serwint JR, Wilson MH, Duggan AK, et al. Do postpartum nursery visits by the primary care provider make a difference?
Pediatrics. 1991;88:444–449. [
PubMed: 1881721]
Sosa R, Kennell J, Klaus M, et al. The effect of a supportive companion on perinatal problems, length of labor, and mother-infant interaction.
New England Journal of Medicine. 1980;303:597–600. [
PubMed: 7402234]
Trotter C, Wolman W.-L, Hofmeyr J, et al. The effect of social support during labour on postpartum depression. South African Journal of Psychology. 1992;22:134–139.
WOLFSON1992 (Published Data Only)Wolfson A, Lacks P, Futterman A. Effects of parent training on infant sleeping patterns, parents’ stress, and perceived parental competence.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60:41–48. [
PubMed: 1556284]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of depression during the antenatal and postnatal periods
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- APPLEBY1997 (Published Data Only)
*. Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression.
British Medical Journal. 1997;314:932–936. [
PMC free article: PMC2126383] [
PubMed: 9099116]
Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. Fluoxetine vs counselling for postnatal depression. New Zealand Medical Journal. 1997;110:221.
ARMSTRONG2003 (Unpublished and Published Data)Armstrong K, Edwards H. The effects of exercise and social support on mothers reporting depressive symptoms: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2003;12:130–138. [
PubMed: 12956024]
Armstrong K, Edwards H. The effectiveness of a pram-walking exercise programme in reducing depressive symptomatology for postnatal women.
International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2004;10:177–194. [
PubMed: 15265228]
Chen CH, Tseng YF, Chou FH, et al. Effects of support group intervention in postnatally distressed women. A controlled study in Taiwan.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2000;49:395–399. [
PubMed: 11182431]
*. Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, et al. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of postpartum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood.
The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182:412–419. [
PubMed: 12724244]
Murray L. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of postpartum depression. 2. Impact on the mother-child relationship and child outcome.
British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182:420–427. [
PubMed: 12724245]
Holden JM. Postnatal depression: its nature, effects, and identification using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
Birth. 1991;18:211–221. [
PubMed: 1764150]
*. Holden JM, Sagovsky R, Cox JL. Counselling in a general practice setting: controlled study of health visitor intervention in treatment of postnatal depression.
British Medical Journal. 1989;298:223–226. [
PMC free article: PMC1835559] [
PubMed: 2493868]
HONEY2002 (Published Data Only)Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho-educational group intervention for postnatal depression.
The British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41:405–409. [
PubMed: 12437794]
Manber R, Schnyer RN, Allen-John JB, et al. Acupuncture: a promising treatment for depression during pregnancy.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 2004;83:89–95. [
PubMed: 15546651]
Milgrom J, Negri LM, Gemmill AW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of psychological interventions for postnatal depression.
British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2005;44:529–542. [
PubMed: 16368032]
Misri S, Kostaras X, Fox D, et al. The impact of partner support in the treatment of postpartum depression.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;45:554–558. [
PubMed: 10986574]
O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, et al. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression.
Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57:1039–1045. [
PubMed: 11074869]
Onozawa K, Glover V, Adams D, et al. Infant massage improves mother-infant interaction for mothers with postnatal depression.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001;63:201–207. [
PubMed: 11246096]
Prendergast J, Austin M. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9:255–259.
SPINELLI2003 (Unpublished and Published Data)Spinelli MG. Controlled clinical trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus parenting education program for depressed pregnant women.
American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:555–562. [
PubMed: 12611838]
Wickberg B. Counselling of postnatal depression: a controlled study on a population-based Swedish sample.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 1996;39:209–216. [
PubMed: 8856425]
References of Excluded Studies
- CHABROL2002 (Published Data Only)
Chabrol H, Teissedre F, Saint-Jean M, et al. Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: a controlled randomized study on women at risk.
Psychological Medicine. 2002;32:1039–1047. [
PubMed: 12214785]
- CLARK2003 (Published Data Only)
Clark R, Tluczek A, Wenzel A. Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a preliminary report.
The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2003;73:441–454. [
PubMed: 14609406]
- CRAIG2005 (Published Data Only)
Craig E, Judd F, Hodgins G. Therapeutic group programme for women with postnatal depression in rural Victoria: a pilot study.
Australasian Psychiatry. 2005;13:291–295. [
PubMed: 16174204]
- FIELD1996 (Published Data Only)
Field T, Grizzle N, Scafidi F, et al. Massage therapy for infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development. 1996;19:107–112.
- FIELD1996A (Published Data Only)
Field T, Grizzle N, Scafidi F, et al. Massage and relaxation therapies’ effects on depressed adolescent mothers.
Adolescence. 1996;31:903–911. [
PubMed: 8970662]
- FLEMING1992 (Published Data Only)
Fleming AS, Klein E, Corter C. The effects of a social support group on depression, maternal attitudes and behavior in new mothers.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1992;33:685–698. [
PubMed: 1601943]
- KERSTING2003 (Published Data Only)
Kersting A, Fisch S, Arolt V. Outpatient psychotherapy for mothers - a new treatment.
Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 2003;6:65–69. [
PubMed: 12715266]
- KLIER2001 (Published Data Only)
Klier CM, Muzik M, Rosenblum KL, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for the group setting in the treatment of postpartum depression.
Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 2001;10:124–131. [
PMC free article: PMC3330643] [
PubMed: 11264336]
- MALPHURS1996 (Published Data Only)
Malphurs JE, Field TM, Larraine C, et al. Altering withdrawn and intrusive interaction behaviors of depressed mothers. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1996;17:152–160.
- MEAGER1996 (Published Data Only)
Meager I, Milgrom J. Group treatment for postpartum depression: a pilot study.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;30:852–860. [
PubMed: 9034477]
- MORGAN1997 (Published Data Only)
Morgan M, Matthey S, Barnett B, et al. A group programme for postnatally distressed women and their partners.
Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1997;26:913–920. [
PubMed: 9372395]
- REAY2006 (Published Data Only)
Reay R, Fisher Y, Robertson M, et al. Group interpersonal therapy for postnatal depression: a pilot study.
Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 2006;9:31–39. [
PubMed: 16222425]
- SHAW1994 (Published Data Only)
Shaw EJ, Herman J. The effect of progressive relaxation and audio book tapes on anxiety and mood state in primiparous women. Journal of Perinatal Education. 1994;3:29–37.
- SPINELLI1997 (Published Data Only)
Spinelli MG. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed antepartum women: a pilot study.
The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:1028–1030. [
PubMed: 9210760]
- STUART1995 (Published Data Only)
- TAM2003A (Published Data Only)
Tam WH, Lee-Dominic TS, Chiu-Helen FK, et al. A randomised controlled trial of educational counselling on the management of women who have suffered suboptimal outcomes in pregnancy.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003;110:853–859. [
PubMed: 14511969]
- THOME1999 (Published Data Only)
Thome M, Alder B. A telephone intervention to reduce fatigue and symptom distress in mothers with difficult infants in the community.
Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1999;29:128–137. [
PubMed: 10064291]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: psychosocial and other treatments focusing on the improvement of care during the antenatal and postnatal periods
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
View in own window
Community-based & primary care strategies (inc. psychoeducation) versus standard care
LUMLEY2006 | Continuity of midwifery care (community postnatal care to suit individual needs) versus standard care
MACARTHUR2002 | Continuity of midwifery care (postnatal) versus standard care
SHIELDS1997 | Continuity of midwifery care versus standard care (antenatal)
WALDENSTRÖM2000 |
Continuity of midwifery care versus standard care (postnatal)
MARKS2003 | GP follow-up appointment 1 week postpartum versus GP follow-up appointment 6 weeks postpartum
GUNN1998 | Hospital discharge at 1 day postpartum versus 2 days postpartum
CARTY1990 | Hospital discharge at 1 day postpartum versus 4 days postpartum
CARTY1990 |
Hospital discharge at 2 days postpartum versus 4 days postpartum
CARTY1990 | | | |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- CARTY1990 (Published Data Only)
Carty EM, Bradley CF. A randomized, controlled evaluation of early postpartum hospital discharge.
Birth. 1990;17:199–204. [
PubMed: 2285437]
- GUNN1998 (Published Data Only)
Gunn J, Lumley J, Chondros P, et al. Does an early postnatal check-up improve maternal health: results from a randomised trial in Australian general practice.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998;105:991–997. [
PubMed: 9763051]
- LUMLEY2006 (Published Data Only)
Lumley J, Small R, Brown S, et al. PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support for Mothers) protocol for a community-randomised trial.
BioMed Central Public Health. 2003;3:36. [
PMC free article: PMC305350] [
PubMed: 14629776]
*. Lumley J, Watson L, Small R, et al. PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support for Mothers): a community randomised trial to reduce depression and improve women's physical health six months after birth.
BioMed Central Public Health. 2006;6:37. [
PMC free article: PMC1479326] [
PubMed: 16483383]
MACARTHUR2002 (Unpublished and Published Data)MacArthur C, Winter H, Bick D, et al. The effects of re-designed community postnatal care trial. British Journal of Midwifery. 2005;13:319–324.
*. MacArthur C, Winter HR, Bick DE, et al. Effects of redesigned community postnatal care on womens' health 4 months after birth: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
The Lancet. 2002;359:378–385. [
PubMed: 11844507]
MARKS2003 (Published Data Only)Marks MN, Siddle K, Warwick C. Can we prevent postnatal depression? A randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of continuity of midwifery care on rates of postnatal depression in high-risk women.
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2003;13:119–127. [
PubMed: 12735413]
Shields N, Reid M, Cheyne H, et al. Impact of midwife-managed care in the postnatal period: an exploration of psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1997;15:91–108.
WALDENSTRÖM2000 (Published Data Only)Waldenstrom U, Brown S, McLachlan H, et al. Does team midwife care increase satisfaction with antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care? A randomized controlled trial.
Birth. 2000;27:156–167. [
PubMed: 11251496]
References of Excluded Studies
- WALDENSTRÖM1988 (Published Data Only)
Waldenstrom U. Early and late discharge after hospital birth: fatigue and emotional reactions in the postpartum period. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988;8:127–135.
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for the prevention of severe mental disorder during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with no identified risk factors
Characteristics of Included Studies
References of Included Studies
- HARRIS2002 (Published Data Only)
Harris B, Oretti R, Lazarus J, et al. Randomised trial of thyroxine to prevent postnatal depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women.
The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;180:327–330. [
PubMed: 11925355]
- HARRISONHOHNER2001 (Published Data Only)
Harrison HJ. Prenatal calcium supplementation and postpartum depression: an ancillary study to a randomized trial of calcium for prevention of preeclampsia. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2001;3:141–146.
- LAWRIE1998 (Published Data Only)
Lawrie TA, Hofmeyr GJ, De Jager M, et al. A double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial of postnatal norethisterone enanthate: the effect of postnatal depression and serum hormones.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998;105:1082–1090. [
PubMed: 9800931]
- LLORENTE2003 (Published Data Only)
Llorente AM, Jensen CL, Voigt RG, et al. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on postpartum depression and information processing.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;188:1348–1353. [
PubMed: 12748510]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for depression and OCD in the postnatal period
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- APPLEBY1997 (Published Data Only)
*. Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression.
British Medical Journal. 1997;314:932–936. [
PMC free article: PMC2126383] [
PubMed: 9099116]
Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. Fluoxetine vs counselling for postnatal depression. New Zealand Medical Journal. 1997;110:221.
COHEN2001 (Published Data Only)Cohen LS, Viguera AC, Bouffard SM, et al. Venlafaxine in the treatment of postpartum depression.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62:592–596. [
PubMed: 11561929]
Epperson CN, Terman M, Terman JS, et al. Randomized clinical trial of bright light therapy for antepartum depression: preliminary findings.
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;65:421–425. [
PubMed: 15096083]
Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL, et al. An open trial of Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in pregnancy.
Acta Neuropsychiatrica. 2006;18:21–24. [
PubMed: 26991978]
*. Gregoire AJ, Kumar R, Everitt B, et al. Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression.
Lancet. 1996;347:930–933. [
PubMed: 8598756]
Cattell DL, King EA. Estrogen for postnatal depression.
The Journal of Family Practice. 1996;43:22–23. [
PubMed: 8691173]
Henderson AF, Gregoire AJ, Kumar RD, et al. Treatment of severe postnatal depression with oestradiol skin patches.
Lancet. 1991;338:816–817. [
PubMed: 1681178]
Misri S, Reebye P, Milis L, et al. The impact of treatment intervention on parenting stress in postpartum depressed mothers: a prospective study.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2006;76:115–119. [
PubMed: 16569135]
*. Misri S, Reebye P, Corral M, et al. The use of paroxetine and cognitive-behavioral therapy in postpartum depression and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;65:1236–1241. [
PubMed: 15367052]
MISRI2004B (Published Data Only)Misri S, Milis L. Obsessive compulsive disorder in the postpartum: open label trial of quetiapine augmentation.
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2004;24:624–627. [
PubMed: 15538124]
Nonacs RM, Soares CN, Viguera AC, et al. Bupropion SR for the treatment of postpartum depression: a pilot study.
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;8:445–449. [
PubMed: 15817137]
Oren DA, Wisner KL, Spinelli M, et al. An open trial of morning light therapy for treatment of antepartum depression.
American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:666–669. [
PubMed: 11925310]
Stowe ZN, Casarella J, Landry J, et al. Sertraline in the treatment of women with postpartum major depression. Depression. 1995;3:49–55.
WISNER2006 (Published Data Only)Wisner KL, Hunusa BH, Perel JM, et al. Postpartum depression: a randomised trial of sertraline versus nortriptyline.
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 26:353–360. [
PubMed: 16855451]
References of Excluded Studies
- AHOKAS2001 (Published Data Only)
Ahokas A, Kaukoranta J, Wahlbeck K, et al. Estrogen deficiency in severe postpartum depression: successful treatment with sublingual physiologic 17beta-estradiol: a preliminary study.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62:332–336. [
PubMed: 11411813]
- CERUTTI1993 (Published Data Only)
Cerutti R, Sichel MP, Perin M, et al. Psychological distress during puerperium: a novel therapeutic approach using S-adenosylmethionine. Current Therapeutic Research. 1993;53:707–717.
- CORRAL2000 (Published Data Only)
Corral M, Kuan A, Kostaras D. Bright light therapy's effect on postpartum depression.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 157. 2000;2:303–304. [
PubMed: 10671419]
- FREEMAN2006A (Published Data Only)
Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL, et al. Randomized dose-ranging pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids for postpartum depression.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2006;113:31–35. [
PubMed: 16390366]
- SURI2001 (Published Data Only)
Suri R, Burt VK, Altshuler LL, et al. Fluvoxamine for postpartum depression.
American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:1739–1740. [
PubMed: 11579021]
- SURI2005 (Published Data Only)
Suri R, Burt VK, Altshuler LL. Nefazodone for the treatment of postpartum depression.
Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2005;8:55–56. [
PubMed: 15868388]
- VANDERMEER1984 (Published Data Only)
Van Der Meer YG. Effect of high-dose progesterone in post-partum depression. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1984;3:67–68.
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for the prophylaxis of severe mental disorder in the antenatal and postnatal periods
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
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Antidepressants (various) + monitoring versus monitoring alone
WISNER1994 | Divalproex + symptom monitoring for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder versus monitoring alone
WISNER2004A | Maintenance of antidepressants (various) versus discontinuation of antidepressants
COHEN2006 | Mood stabilisers for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder versus standard care
COHEN1995 |
Nortriptyline versus placebo
WISNER2001 | Olanzapine prophylaxis of schizoaffective disorder versus discontinuing medication during pregnancy
MALEK2001 | Sertraline versus placebo
WISNER2004 | |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- COHEN1995 (Published Data Only)
Cohen LS, Sichel DA, Robertson LM, et al. Postpartum prophylaxis for women with bipolar disorder.
American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:1641–1645. [
PubMed: 7485628]
- COHEN2006 (Published Data Only)
Cohen LS, Altshuler LL, Harlow BL, et al. Relapse of major depression during pregnancy in women who maintain or discontinue antidepressant treatment.
The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2006;295:499–507. [
PubMed: 16449615]
- MALEK2001 (Published Data Only)
Malek AP. Olanzapine in pregnancy.
Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2001;35:1294–1295. [
PubMed: 11675867]
- WISNER1994 (Published Data Only)
Wisner KL. Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression.
Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1994;45:1191–1196. [
PubMed: 7868100]
- WISNER2001 (Published Data Only)
Wisner KL, Perel JM, Peindl KS, et al. Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62:82–86. [
PubMed: 11247106]
- WISNER2004 (Published Data Only)
*. Wisner KL, Perel JM, Peindl KS, et al. Prevention of postpartum depression: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:1290–1292. [
PubMed: 15229064]
Sunder KR, Wisner KL, Hanusa BH, et al. Postpartum depression recurrence versus discontinuation syndrome: observations from a randomised controlled trial.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;65:1266–1268. [
PubMed: 15367055]
Wisner KL, Hanusa BH, Peindl KS, et al. Prevention of postpartum episodes in women with bipolar disorder.
Biological Psychiatry. 2004;56:592–596. [
PubMed: 15476689]
References of Excluded Studies
- EINARSON2001A (Published Data Only)
Einarson A, Selby P, Koren G. Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: fear of teratogenic risk and impact of counselling.
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 2001;26:44–48. [
PMC free article: PMC1408034] [
PubMed: 11212593]
