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National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: The NICE Guideline on Clinical Management and Service Guidance. Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society; 2007. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 45.)
This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.
Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: The NICE Guideline on Clinical Management and Service Guidance.
Show detailsCharacteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with identified risk factors
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
CBT (group) versus standard care HAGAN2004 | Debriefing (group) versus standard care RYDING2004 | Debriefing versus standard care GAMBLE2005 SMALL2000 | Home visiting versus standard care MIDDLEMISS1989 |
Infant sleep intervention versus control HISCOCK2002 | IPT (group) versus standard care ZLOTNICK2001 ZLOTNICK2006 | IPT versus standard care GORMAN | Multimodal intervention versus standard care ARMSTRONG1999 HEINICKE1999 MARCENKO1994 MEYER1994 |
Psychoeducation (booklet) versus standard care WEBSTER2003 | Psychoeducation (group) versus standard care BRUGHA2000 | Relationship/attachment-based therapy versus standard care HOROWITZ2001 | Social support (group) versus standard care STAMP1995 |
Social support versus standard care DENNIS2003 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- ARMSTRONG1999 (Published Data Only)
- *. Armstrong KL, Fraser JA, Dadds MR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of nurse home visiting to vulnerable families with newborns. Journal of Paediatric Child Health. 1999;35:237–244. [PubMed: 10404442]
References of Excluded Studies
- BRISCH2003 (Published Data Only)
- Brisch KH, Bechinger D, Betzler S, et al. Early preventive attachment-oriented psychotherapeutic intervention program with parents of a very low birthweight1 premature infant: results of attachment and neurological development. Attachment and Human Development. 2003;5:120–135. [PubMed: 12791563]
- BUIST1999 (Published Data Only)
- Buist A, Westley D, Hill C. Antenatal prevention of postnatal depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 1999;1:167–173.
- CARRERA1998 (Published Data Only)
- Carrera L, Diez DJ, Montanana V, et al. Depression in women suffering perinatal loss. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1998;62:149–153. [PubMed: 9749886]
- CHABROL2002 (Published Data Only)
- Chabrol H, Teissedre F, Saint-Jean M, et al. Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: a controlled randomized study on women at risk. Psychological Medicine. 2002;32:1039–1047. [PubMed: 12214785]
- ELLIOTT2000 (Published Data Only)
- Elliott SA, Leverton TJ, Sanjack M, et al. Promoting mental health after childbirth: a controlled trial of primary prevention of postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2000;39:223–241. [PubMed: 11033746]
- FEIJO2006 (Published Data Only)
- Feijo L, Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, et al. Mothers’ depressed mood and anxiety levels are reduced after massaging their preterm infants. Infant Behavior and Development. 2006;29:476–480. [PubMed: 17138300]
- HEH2003 (Published Data Only)
- Heh SS, Fu YY. Effectiveness of informational support in reducing the severity of postnatal depression in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003;42:30–36. [PubMed: 12641809]
- JOHNSON1993 (Published Data Only)
- Johnson Z, Howell F, Molloy B. Community mothers’ programme: randomised controlled trial of non-professional intervention in parenting. British Medical Journal. 1993;306:1449–1452. [PMC free article: PMC1677859] [PubMed: 8518642]
- LANGER1996 (Published Data Only)
- Langer A, Farnot U, Garcia C, et al. The Latin American trial of psychosocial support during pregnancy: effects on mother’s wellbeing and satisfaction. Social Science and Medicine. 1996;42:1589–1597. [PubMed: 8771642]
- OAKLEY1990 (Published Data Only)
- Oakley A, Rajan L, Grant A. Social support and pregnancy outcome. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;97:155–162. [PubMed: 2317466]
- OLDS1997 (Published Data Only)
- Olds DL, Eckenrode J, Henderson CR, et al. Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1997;278:637–643. [PubMed: 9272895]
- OLDS1998A (Published Data Only)
- Olds D. Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children’s criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998;280:1238–1244. [PubMed: 9786373]
- OLDS2002 (Published Data Only)
- Olds DL, Robinson J, Brien R, et al. Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2002;110:486–496. [PubMed: 12205249]
- OLDS2004 (Published Data Only)
- Olds DL, Robinson J, Pettitt L, et al. Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1560–1568. [PubMed: 15574615]
- OLDS2004A (Published Data Only)
- Olds DL, Kitzman H, Cole R, et al. Effects of nurse home-visiting on maternal life course and child development: age 6 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1550–1559. [PubMed: 15574614]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with no identified risk factors
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
Continuous labour support versus standard care HODNETT2002 | Debriefing versus standard care LAVENDER1998 PRIEST2003 | Home listening visits versus standard care WIGGINS2005 | Home visiting versus standard care MORRELL2000 |
Psychoeducation (booklet) versus standard care HAYES2001 REID2002 | Social support (group) versus home listening visits WIGGINS2005 | Social support (group) versus psychoeducation (booklet) REID2002 | Social support (group) versus standard care REID2002 WIGGINS2005 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- HAYES2001 (Published Data Only)
- *. Hayes BA. Perinatal depression: a randomized controlled trial of an antenatal education intervention for primiparas. Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care. 2001;28:28–35. [PubMed: 11264626]
References of Excluded Studies
- BASTANI2005 (Published Data Only)
- Bastani F, Hidarnia A, Kazemnejad A, et al. A randomised controlled trial of the effects of applied relaxation training on reducing anxiety and perceived stress in pregnant women. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health. 2005;50:e36–e40. [PubMed: 15973255]
- BASTANI2006 (Published Data Only)
- Bastani F, Hidarnia A, Montgomery KS, et al. Does relaxation education in anxious primigravid Iranian women influence adverse pregnancy oucomes? A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing. 2006;20:138–146. [PubMed: 16714913]
- ESCOBAR2001 (Published Data Only)
- Escobar GJ, Braveman PA, Ackerson L, et al. A randomized comparison of home visits and hospital-based group follow-up visits after early postpartum discharge. Pediatrics. 2001;108:719–727. [PubMed: 11533342]
- FIELD1999 (Published Data Only)
- Field T, Hernandez RM, Hart S, Theakston H, Schanberg S, Kuhn C. Pregnant women benefit from massage therapy. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999;20:31–38. [PubMed: 10212885]
- FLEMING1992 (Published Data Only)
- Fleming AS, Klein E, Corter C. The effects of a social support group on depression, maternal attitudes and behavior in new mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1992;33:685–698. [PubMed: 1601943]
- GORDON1960 (Published Data Only)
- Gordon R, Gordon K. Social factors in prevention of postpartum emotional problems. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1960;15:433–438. [PubMed: 13851228]
- GORDON1999 (Published Data Only)
- Gordon NP, Walton D, McAdam E, et al. Effects of providing hospital-based doulas in health maintenance organization hospitals. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999;93:422–426. [PubMed: 10074992]
- GORMAN1997 (Unpublished and Published Data)
- Gorman LL. Prevention of postpartum adjustment difficulties. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering. 1997;58:2674.
- HALONEN1985 (Published Data Only)
- Halonen JS. Relaxation training and expectation in the treatment of postpartum distress. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 1985;53:839–845. [PubMed: 3910678]
- HEMMINNKI1990 (Published Data Only)
- Hemminnki E, Virta AL, Kopinen P, et al. A trial on continuous human support during labor: feasibility, interventions and mother’s satisfaction. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;11:239–250.
- HOFMEYR1991 (Published Data Only)
- *. Hofmeyr GJ, Nikodem VC, Wolman WL, et al. Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour, and breastfeeding. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1991;98:756–764. [PubMed: 1911582]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of depression during the antenatal and postnatal periods
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
Acupuncture for depression versus massage MANBER2004 | Acupuncture for depression versus non-depression acupuncture MANBER2004 | CBT (group) versus counselling MILGROM2005 | CBT (group) versus standard care HONEY2002 |
CBT (group); counselling (group); counselling (individual) versus standard care MILGROM2005 | CBT versus standard care PRENDERGAST2001 | Counselling (group) versus counselling (individual) MILGROM2005 | Counselling (single session) versus counselling (six sessions) APPLEBY1997 |
Group exercise versus social support ARMSTRONG2004 | Group exercise with social support versus standard care ARMSTRONG2003 | Infant massage (group) versus social support (group) ONOZAWA2001 | IPT versus psychoeducation (mother only) SPINELLI2003 |
IPT versus waitlist OHARA2000 | Listening visit versus standard care COOPER2003 HOLDEN1989 WICKBERG1996 | Psychoeducation (with partner) versus psychoeducation (mother only) MISRI2000 | Psychotherapy versus standard care COOPER2003 |
Relationship/attachment-based therapy versus standard care COOPER2003 | Social support (group) versus standard care CHEN2000 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- APPLEBY1997 (Published Data Only)
- *. Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression. British Medical Journal. 1997;314:932–936. [PMC free article: PMC2126383] [PubMed: 9099116]
References of Excluded Studies
- CHABROL2002 (Published Data Only)
- Chabrol H, Teissedre F, Saint-Jean M, et al. Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: a controlled randomized study on women at risk. Psychological Medicine. 2002;32:1039–1047. [PubMed: 12214785]
- CLARK2003 (Published Data Only)
- Clark R, Tluczek A, Wenzel A. Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a preliminary report. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2003;73:441–454. [PubMed: 14609406]
- CRAIG2005 (Published Data Only)
- Craig E, Judd F, Hodgins G. Therapeutic group programme for women with postnatal depression in rural Victoria: a pilot study. Australasian Psychiatry. 2005;13:291–295. [PubMed: 16174204]
- FIELD1996 (Published Data Only)
- Field T, Grizzle N, Scafidi F, et al. Massage therapy for infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development. 1996;19:107–112.
- FIELD1996A (Published Data Only)
- Field T, Grizzle N, Scafidi F, et al. Massage and relaxation therapies’ effects on depressed adolescent mothers. Adolescence. 1996;31:903–911. [PubMed: 8970662]
- FLEMING1992 (Published Data Only)
- Fleming AS, Klein E, Corter C. The effects of a social support group on depression, maternal attitudes and behavior in new mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1992;33:685–698. [PubMed: 1601943]
- KERSTING2003 (Published Data Only)
- Kersting A, Fisch S, Arolt V. Outpatient psychotherapy for mothers - a new treatment. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 2003;6:65–69. [PubMed: 12715266]
- KLIER2001 (Published Data Only)
- Klier CM, Muzik M, Rosenblum KL, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for the group setting in the treatment of postpartum depression. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 2001;10:124–131. [PMC free article: PMC3330643] [PubMed: 11264336]
- MALPHURS1996 (Published Data Only)
- Malphurs JE, Field TM, Larraine C, et al. Altering withdrawn and intrusive interaction behaviors of depressed mothers. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1996;17:152–160.
- MEAGER1996 (Published Data Only)
- Meager I, Milgrom J. Group treatment for postpartum depression: a pilot study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;30:852–860. [PubMed: 9034477]
- MORGAN1997 (Published Data Only)
- Morgan M, Matthey S, Barnett B, et al. A group programme for postnatally distressed women and their partners. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1997;26:913–920. [PubMed: 9372395]
- REAY2006 (Published Data Only)
- Reay R, Fisher Y, Robertson M, et al. Group interpersonal therapy for postnatal depression: a pilot study. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 2006;9:31–39. [PubMed: 16222425]
- SHAW1994 (Published Data Only)
- Shaw EJ, Herman J. The effect of progressive relaxation and audio book tapes on anxiety and mood state in primiparous women. Journal of Perinatal Education. 1994;3:29–37.
- SPINELLI1997 (Published Data Only)
- Spinelli MG. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed antepartum women: a pilot study. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:1028–1030. [PubMed: 9210760]
- STUART1995 (Published Data Only)
- Stuart S, O’Hara MW. Interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a treatment program. The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 1995;4:18–29. [PMC free article: PMC3330386] [PubMed: 22700210]
- TAM2003A (Published Data Only)
- Tam WH, Lee-Dominic TS, Chiu-Helen FK, et al. A randomised controlled trial of educational counselling on the management of women who have suffered suboptimal outcomes in pregnancy. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003;110:853–859. [PubMed: 14511969]
- THOME1999 (Published Data Only)
- Thome M, Alder B. A telephone intervention to reduce fatigue and symptom distress in mothers with difficult infants in the community. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1999;29:128–137. [PubMed: 10064291]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: psychosocial and other treatments focusing on the improvement of care during the antenatal and postnatal periods
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
Community-based & primary care strategies (inc. psychoeducation) versus standard care LUMLEY2006 | Continuity of midwifery care (community postnatal care to suit individual needs) versus standard care MACARTHUR2002 | Continuity of midwifery care (postnatal) versus standard care SHIELDS1997 | Continuity of midwifery care versus standard care (antenatal) WALDENSTRÖM2000 |
Continuity of midwifery care versus standard care (postnatal) MARKS2003 | GP follow-up appointment 1 week postpartum versus GP follow-up appointment 6 weeks postpartum GUNN1998 | Hospital discharge at 1 day postpartum versus 2 days postpartum CARTY1990 | Hospital discharge at 1 day postpartum versus 4 days postpartum CARTY1990 |
Hospital discharge at 2 days postpartum versus 4 days postpartum CARTY1990 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- CARTY1990 (Published Data Only)
- Carty EM, Bradley CF. A randomized, controlled evaluation of early postpartum hospital discharge. Birth. 1990;17:199–204. [PubMed: 2285437]
- GUNN1998 (Published Data Only)
- Gunn J, Lumley J, Chondros P, et al. Does an early postnatal check-up improve maternal health: results from a randomised trial in Australian general practice. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998;105:991–997. [PubMed: 9763051]
- LUMLEY2006 (Published Data Only)
- Lumley J, Small R, Brown S, et al. PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support for Mothers) protocol for a community-randomised trial. BioMed Central Public Health. 2003;3:36. [PMC free article: PMC305350] [PubMed: 14629776]
References of Excluded Studies
- WALDENSTRÖM1988 (Published Data Only)
- Waldenstrom U. Early and late discharge after hospital birth: fatigue and emotional reactions in the postpartum period. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988;8:127–135.
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for the prevention of severe mental disorder during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with no identified risk factors
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
Calcium versus placebo HARRISONHOHNER2001 | Docosahexaenoic acid versus placebo LLORENTE2003 | Noresthisterone enanthate versus placebo LAWRIE1998 | Thyroxine versus placebo HARRIS2002 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
References of Included Studies
- HARRIS2002 (Published Data Only)
- Harris B, Oretti R, Lazarus J, et al. Randomised trial of thyroxine to prevent postnatal depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;180:327–330. [PubMed: 11925355]
- HARRISONHOHNER2001 (Published Data Only)
- Harrison HJ. Prenatal calcium supplementation and postpartum depression: an ancillary study to a randomized trial of calcium for prevention of preeclampsia. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2001;3:141–146.
- LAWRIE1998 (Published Data Only)
- Lawrie TA, Hofmeyr GJ, De Jager M, et al. A double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial of postnatal norethisterone enanthate: the effect of postnatal depression and serum hormones. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998;105:1082–1090. [PubMed: 9800931]
- LLORENTE2003 (Published Data Only)
- Llorente AM, Jensen CL, Voigt RG, et al. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on postpartum depression and information processing. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;188:1348–1353. [PubMed: 12748510]
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for depression and OCD in the postnatal period
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
Bright light therapy versus placebo (dim light) EPPERSON2004 OREN2002 | Bupropion SR versus [no control] NONACS2005 | Fluoxetine + counselling (single session) versus placebo + counselling (single session) APPLEBY1997 | Fluoxetine + counselling (six sessions) versus placebo + counselling (six sessions) APPLEBY1997 |
Omega-3 fatty acids versus [no control] FREEMAN2006 | Paroxetine only versus paroxetine + CBT MISRI2004 | Quetiapine for treatment-resistant OCD (postpartum) versus [no control] MISRI2004B | Sertraline versus [no control] STOWE1995 |
Sertraline versus nortriptyline WISNER2006 | Transdermal oestrogen versus placebo GREGOIRE1996 | Venlafaxine versus [no control] COHEN2001 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- APPLEBY1997 (Published Data Only)
- *. Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression. British Medical Journal. 1997;314:932–936. [PMC free article: PMC2126383] [PubMed: 9099116]
References of Excluded Studies
- AHOKAS2001 (Published Data Only)
- Ahokas A, Kaukoranta J, Wahlbeck K, et al. Estrogen deficiency in severe postpartum depression: successful treatment with sublingual physiologic 17beta-estradiol: a preliminary study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62:332–336. [PubMed: 11411813]
- CERUTTI1993 (Published Data Only)
- Cerutti R, Sichel MP, Perin M, et al. Psychological distress during puerperium: a novel therapeutic approach using S-adenosylmethionine. Current Therapeutic Research. 1993;53:707–717.
- CORRAL2000 (Published Data Only)
- Corral M, Kuan A, Kostaras D. Bright light therapy's effect on postpartum depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157. 2000;2:303–304. [PubMed: 10671419]
- FREEMAN2006A (Published Data Only)
- Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL, et al. Randomized dose-ranging pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids for postpartum depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2006;113:31–35. [PubMed: 16390366]
- SURI2001 (Published Data Only)
- Suri R, Burt VK, Altshuler LL, et al. Fluvoxamine for postpartum depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:1739–1740. [PubMed: 11579021]
- SURI2005 (Published Data Only)
- Suri R, Burt VK, Altshuler LL. Nefazodone for the treatment of postpartum depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2005;8:55–56. [PubMed: 15868388]
- VANDERMEER1984 (Published Data Only)
- Van Der Meer YG. Effect of high-dose progesterone in post-partum depression. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1984;3:67–68.
Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for the prophylaxis of severe mental disorder in the antenatal and postnatal periods
Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question
Antidepressants (various) + monitoring versus monitoring alone WISNER1994 | Divalproex + symptom monitoring for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder versus monitoring alone WISNER2004A | Maintenance of antidepressants (various) versus discontinuation of antidepressants COHEN2006 | Mood stabilisers for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder versus standard care COHEN1995 |
Nortriptyline versus placebo WISNER2001 | Olanzapine prophylaxis of schizoaffective disorder versus discontinuing medication during pregnancy MALEK2001 | Sertraline versus placebo WISNER2004 |
Characteristics of Included Studies
Characteristics of Excluded Studies
References of Included Studies
- COHEN1995 (Published Data Only)
- Cohen LS, Sichel DA, Robertson LM, et al. Postpartum prophylaxis for women with bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:1641–1645. [PubMed: 7485628]
- COHEN2006 (Published Data Only)
- Cohen LS, Altshuler LL, Harlow BL, et al. Relapse of major depression during pregnancy in women who maintain or discontinue antidepressant treatment. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2006;295:499–507. [PubMed: 16449615]
- MALEK2001 (Published Data Only)
- Malek AP. Olanzapine in pregnancy. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2001;35:1294–1295. [PubMed: 11675867]
- WISNER1994 (Published Data Only)
- Wisner KL. Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1994;45:1191–1196. [PubMed: 7868100]
- WISNER2001 (Published Data Only)
- Wisner KL, Perel JM, Peindl KS, et al. Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62:82–86. [PubMed: 11247106]
- WISNER2004 (Published Data Only)
- *. Wisner KL, Perel JM, Peindl KS, et al. Prevention of postpartum depression: a pilot randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:1290–1292. [PubMed: 15229064]
References of Excluded Studies
- EINARSON2001A (Published Data Only)
- Einarson A, Selby P, Koren G. Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: fear of teratogenic risk and impact of counselling. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 2001;26:44–48. [PMC free article: PMC1408034] [PubMed: 11212593]
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with identified risk factors
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with no identified risk factors
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: Non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of depression during the antenatal and postnatal periods
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: psychosocial and other treatments focusing on the improvement of care during the antenatal and postnatal periods
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for the prevention of severe mental disorder during the antenatal and postnatal periods for women with no identified risk factors
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for depression and OCD in the postnatal period
- Characteristics of reviewed studies: Pharmacological treatments for the prophylaxis of severe mental disorder in the antenatal and postnatal periods
- CHARACTERISTICS OF REVIEWED STUDIES - Antenatal and Postnatal Mental HealthCHARACTERISTICS OF REVIEWED STUDIES - Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health
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