Figure 1

Risks of preterm delivery (A) and SGA (B), with and without preeclampsia, according to antidepressant use during pregnancy (Slone Epidemiology Center BDS, 1998–2008). Nonusers (n = 5710) were women who were not exposed to antidepressants from 2 months before pregnancy through delivery; SSRI discontinuers (n = 106) were women who used only SSRIs before pregnancy but stopped taking them after the first trimester; SSRI continuers (n = 86) were women who used only SSRIs before pregnancy and continued to use them after the first trimester; non-SSRI antidepressant users (n = 59) included users of TCAs, SNRIs, or other antidepressants. The error bars represent the upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals for the risks.

Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Delivery and Fetal Growth Restriction

J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 December;29(6):555-560.
Figure 1

Time-window criteria for definition of exposed and unexposed offspring. SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; Y, year; M, months. SSRI exposed: Offspring exposed prenatally to SSRIs. Unexposed 1: All offspring unexposed prenatally to antidepressants and antipsychotics, but mother treated for depression or depression-related disorder during pregnancy or within one year before pregnancy. Unexposed 2: Offspring unexposed prenatally to antidepressants and antipsychotics but mother has used antidepressants or antipsychotics within one year before pregnancy. Unexposed 3: Offspring unexposed prenatally to antidepressants and antipsychotics and mother has no history of psychiatric treatment (inpatient or outpatient diagnosis or use of antidepressants or antipsychotics).

Infant and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: overview and design of a Finnish Register-Based Study (FinESSI)

BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:217-217.
Figure 1

(A) Treatment of maternal depression with SSRIs is associated with varying pregnancy outcomes. While every gestational stage of SSRI exposure has been implicated in increased risks for cognitive, physiological, or developmental teratogenicity, the period of exposure is an important factor that appears to influence clinical outcomes in the offspring. We limited this list to outcomes that have been the focus of several epidemiological studies in recent years and for which differential exposure data during pregnancy was available. (B) Untreated maternal depression and stress have been associated with several risks that affect cognitive and developmental outcomes. While associations are not generally correlated to specific trimesters, exposure to untreated maternal depression or stress during pregnancy pose adverse risks to fetal health and development. Study Selection and Data Extraction Studies were selected if they had clearly identified maternal SSRI exposure for specific trimesters of pregnancy and assessed neonatal outcomes. Epidemiological studies that included medium-to-large number samples exposed to different SSRI drugs were selected. Direct comparison of absolute odds ratio values across these studies is not possible due to varying specific study designs, adjustments for level of maternal depression and various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, drug dosages, length of exposure, and SSRI treatment options. ^*PPHN, Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Placental serotonin: implications for the developmental effects of SSRIs and maternal depression

Front Cell Neurosci. 2013;7:47.
Figure 3

Time-trend in antidepressant use among pregnant women in Finland, years 1996–2010. The numbers include antidepressant drug purchases from one month before until the end of pregnancy. SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.

Infant and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: overview and design of a Finnish Register-Based Study (FinESSI)

BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:217-217.

See more (9)...

Titles with your search terms

Neonatal complications after maternal concomitant use of SSRI and other central nervous system active drugs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. [J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012]
Neonatal complications after maternal concomitant use of SSRI and other central nervous system active drugs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
Källén B, Reis M. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012 Oct; 32(5):608-14.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy and effects on the fetus and newborn: a meta-analysis. [J Perinatol. 2005]
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy and effects on the fetus and newborn: a meta-analysis.
Lattimore KA, Donn SM, Kaciroti N, Kemper AR, Neal CR Jr, Vazquez DM. J Perinatol. 2005 Sep; 25(9):595-604.
ACP Journal Club. SSRI use in late pregnancy was associated with increased persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns. [Ann Intern Med. 2012]
ACP Journal Club. SSRI use in late pregnancy was associated with increased persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns.
Saade G. Ann Intern Med. 2012 May 15; 156(10):JC511.

101 free full-text articles in PubMed Central

Combined use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and sedatives/hypnotics during pregnancy: risk of relatively severe congenital malformations or cardiac defects. A register study. [BMJ Open. 2013]
Combined use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and sedatives/hypnotics during pregnancy: risk of relatively severe congenital malformations or cardiac defects. A register study.
Reis M, Källén B. BMJ Open. 2013; 3(2). Epub 2013 Feb 19.
Increasing the risk of spontaneous abortion and major malformations in newborns following use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis. [Daru. 2012]
Increasing the risk of spontaneous abortion and major malformations in newborns following use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis.
Nikfar S, Rahimi R, Hendoiee N, Abdollahi M. Daru. 2012 Nov 1; 20(1):75. Epub 2012 Nov 1.
Infant and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: overview and design of a Finnish Register-Based Study (FinESSI). [BMC Psychiatry. 2012]
Infant and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: overview and design of a Finnish Register-Based Study (FinESSI).
Malm H, Artama M, Brown AS, Gissler M, Gyllenberg D, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, McKeague I, Sourander A. BMC Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 4; 12:217. Epub 2012 Dec 4.