Primary mesenteric liposarcomas (PMLs) are rare neoplasms, with a review of the English literature revealing only 10 cases. This paper describes an additional case of PML, and collates the currently documented cases, thus creating the framework for delineating the profile of this neoplasm. It is a tumor of adults that has characteristic clinicopathological and radiological features. In contradistinction from the retroperitoneal liposarcoma, the PML is eminently resectable, and requires aggressive surgical management.