Cost-effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies to gram-negative endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis in ICU patients

JAMA. 1993 Jan 13;269(2):249-54.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the fiscal impact and the cost-effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies against gram-negative endotoxin (MAbGNE) in the treatment of presumed gram-negative sepsis.

Design: A decision analysis model was developed from (1) data from two phase III trials that studied the E5 or HA-1A MAbGNE, and (2) financial data from 1405 septic patients who required intensive care at a large tertiary hospital.

Setting: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with presumed gram-negative sepsis.

Patients: The E5 trial evaluated 468 patients, and the HA-1A study enrolled 543 patients with presumed gram-negative sepsis.

Interventions: The addition of MAbGNE to standard regimens or standard regimens alone.

Main outcome measures: Total expected charges and the expected probability of survival were determined for each option. Cost-effectiveness and marginal cost-effectiveness ratios were also derived. Multiple sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses were performed to test the underlying assumptions.

Results: MAbGNE therapy always resulted in higher expected charges; however, these differences were less than its acquisition cost by $870. The cost-effectiveness ratio for MAbGNE, for $2000 and $4000 acquisition costs, was $71,674 and $74,900 per probability of survival, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that cost-effectiveness was most affected by diagnostic accuracy, patient selection, and acquisition cost. Monte Carlo analysis showed that MAbGNE was more costly for 71% of simulations, yet the most efficacious option for 79% of simulations.

Conclusions: From the perspective of acute care institutions, MAbGNE is expensive and cannot be justified on a cost-saving basis. However, it may be cost-effective throughout a reasonable range of assumptions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / economics*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis
  • Decision Support Techniques*
  • Drug Costs
  • Endotoxins / immunology*
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / immunology*
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / diagnosis
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / mortality
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units / economics*
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Survival Analysis

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Endotoxins
  • nebacumab