Background and aim: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with an increased risk of coronary events. The levels of CRP and other inflammatory markers are significantly elevated in patients with unstable angina. We hypothesised that a high-dose statin therapy alone or with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, administered before coronary diagnostic or invasive procedures, can attenuate CRP elevation after the procedure and, consequently, more effectively reduce the rate of coronary events.
Methods: All patients with unstable angina in class III and IIB according to Braunwald classification were considered for inclusion in the present study. Finally, 60 patients with elevated CRP level (>3 mg/l) were randomised to three groups of pharmacological treatment before coronary angiography and subsequent angioplasty. Patients from group A received placebo, patients from group B - 80 mg of atorvastatin, and patients from group C - 80 mg of atorvastatin and 25 mg of rofecoxib. The levels of CRP were measured at baseline, after 3 days of therapy and 48 hours after invasive coronary procedure.
Results: The mean baseline CRP level in group A was 5.67+/-2.82 mg/l, in group B - 4.7+/-1.32 mg/l, and in group C - 6.78+/-2.56 mg/l (NS). After three days of pharmacological treatment, the mean CRP level was 5.82+/-2.69 mg/l in group A (NS compared with baseline) and was significantly reduced in group B to 2.5+/-1.37 mg/l and in group C to 3.01+/-1.57 mg/l (p<0.0013 compared with group A). Measurements performed 48 hours after the procedure revealed a marked CRP level increase in group A (up to 24.54+/-5.48 mg/l) and a much lower increase in groups B and C (up to 3.02+/-2.0 mg/l and 7.31+/-2.96 mg/l, respectively).
Conclusions: High-dose statin therapy alone or in combination with COX-2 inhibitor, administered before invasive coronary procedure in patients with unstable angina, rapidly lowers CRP levels. This therapy also reduces a marked CRP elevation typically occurring after invasive coronary intervention. Attenuation of inflammatory reaction may be crucial for the reduction of coronary events following invasive coronary interventions.