A second-site suppressor significantly improves the defective phenotype imposed by mutation of an aromatic residue in the N-terminal domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein

Virology. 2007 Mar 1;359(1):105-15. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.027. Epub 2006 Oct 19.

Abstract

The HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein plays an important role in virus assembly and infectivity. Previously, we showed that Ala substitutions in the N-terminal residues Trp23 and Phe40 cause a severely defective phenotype. In searching for mutations at these positions that result in a non-lethal phenotype, we identified one candidate, W23F. Mutant virions contained aberrant cores, but unlike W23A, also displayed some infectivity in a single-round replication assay and delayed replication kinetics in MT-4 cells. Following long-term passage in MT-4 cells, two second-site mutations were isolated. In particular, the W23F/V26I mutation partially restored the wild-type phenotype, including production of particles with conical cores and wild-type replication kinetics in MT-4 cells. A structural model is proposed to explain the suppressor phenotype. These findings describe a novel occurrence, namely suppression of a mutation in a hydrophobic residue that is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of CA and proper core assembly.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Capsid Proteins / chemistry*
  • Capsid Proteins / genetics*
  • Cell Line
  • HIV-1 / genetics*
  • HIV-1 / physiology*
  • HIV-1 / ultrastructure
  • Humans
  • Microbial Viability / genetics
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation
  • Phenotype
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / analysis
  • Suppression, Genetic*
  • Virion / ultrastructure
  • Virus Replication*

Substances

  • Capsid Proteins
  • RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase