Effects of black raspberry extract on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and expressions of the genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet

Taehwan Lim; Kiuk Lee; Ryun Hee Kim; Juhee Ryu; Kwang Hyun Cha; Sun Young Park; Song Yi Koo; Keum Taek Hwang

doi:10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4

Effects of black raspberry extract on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and expressions of the genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet

Food Sci Biotechnol. 2023 Feb 13;32(4):577-587. doi: 10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Taehwan Lim¹, Kiuk Lee¹, Ryun Hee Kim^{1

2}, Juhee Ryu¹, Kwang Hyun Cha³, Sun Young Park¹, Song Yi Koo^{1

3}, Keum Taek Hwang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea.
² BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea.
³ Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 Korea.

Abstract

In our previous study, black raspberry (BR) reduced the serum levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide and cholesterol in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet (HFC). We hypothesized that gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the production of trimethylamine and microbial metabolites, and BR could influence gut microbial composition. This study aimed to elucidate the role of BR on changes in gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the rats. The phylogenetic diversity of gut microbiota was reduced in the rats fed HFC, while that in the BR-fed group was restored. The BR supplementation enriched Bifidobacterium and reduced Clostridium cluster XIVa. In the BR-fed group, most cecal bile acids and hippuric acid increased, while serum lithocholic acid was reduced. The BR supplementation upregulated Cyp7a1 and downregulated Srebf2. These results suggest that BR extract may change gut bacterial community, modulate bile acids, and regulate gene expression toward reducing cholesterol.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4.

Keywords: Bile acid; CYP7A1; Choline; Gut microbiome; Rubus occidentalis; TMAO.

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