Abstract
Blood vessels form de novo (vasculogenesis) or upon sprouting of capillaries from preexisting vessels (angiogenesis). With high-resolution imaging of zebrafish vascular development, we uncovered a third mode of blood vessel formation whereby the first embryonic artery and vein, two unconnected blood vessels, arise from a common precursor vessel. The first embryonic vein formed by selective sprouting of progenitor cells from the precursor vessel, followed by vessel segregation. These processes were regulated by the ligand EphrinB2 and its receptor EphB4, which are expressed in arterial-fated and venous-fated progenitors, respectively, and interact to orient the direction of progenitor migration. Thus, directional control of progenitor migration drives arterial-venous segregation and generation of separate parallel vessels from a single precursor vessel, a process essential for vascular development.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Animals, Genetically Modified
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Aorta / cytology
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Aorta / embryology
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Arteries / cytology
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Arteries / embryology*
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Cell Movement
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Endothelial Cells / cytology
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Endothelial Cells / physiology*
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Ephrin-B2 / metabolism*
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Morphogenesis*
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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Receptor, EphB4 / metabolism*
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Receptors, Notch / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Stem Cells / cytology
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Stem Cells / physiology*
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / metabolism
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / metabolism
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Veins / cytology
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Veins / embryology*
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Zebrafish
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Zebrafish Proteins / metabolism
Substances
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Ephrin-B2
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Receptors, Notch
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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Zebrafish Proteins
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
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Receptor, EphB4
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3