Abstract
Iron regulatory proteins (Irps) 1 and 2 posttranscriptionally control the expression of transcripts that contain iron-responsive element (IRE) sequences, including ferritin, ferroportin, transferrin receptor, and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). We report here that mice with targeted deletion of Irp1 developed pulmonary hypertension and polycythemia that was exacerbated by a low-iron diet. Hematocrits increased to 65% in iron-starved mice, and many polycythemic mice died of abdominal hemorrhages. Irp1 deletion enhanced HIF2α protein expression in kidneys of Irp1(-/-) mice, which led to increased erythropoietin (EPO) expression, polycythemia, and concomitant tissue iron deficiency. Increased HIF2α expression in pulmonary endothelial cells induced high expression of endothelin-1, likely contributing to the pulmonary hypertension of Irp1(-/-) mice. Our results reveal why anemia is an early physiological consequence of iron deficiency, highlight the physiological significance of Irp1 in regulating erythropoiesis and iron distribution, and provide important insights into the molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / metabolism*
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Diet
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Endothelial Cells / drug effects
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Endothelial Cells / metabolism
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Endothelial Cells / pathology
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Endothelin-1 / genetics
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Endothelin-1 / metabolism
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Erythropoietin / blood
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / blood
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / complications
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / pathology
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Gene Deletion*
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Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary / drug effects
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Hypertension, Pulmonary / blood
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Hypertension, Pulmonary / complications*
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Hypertension, Pulmonary / pathology
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Iron / pharmacology
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Iron Regulatory Protein 1 / deficiency
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Iron Regulatory Protein 1 / metabolism*
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Iron Regulatory Protein 2 / metabolism
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Longevity
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Mice
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Models, Biological
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Nerve Degeneration / blood
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Nerve Degeneration / complications
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Nerve Degeneration / pathology
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Organ Specificity / drug effects
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Polycythemia / blood
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Polycythemia / complications*
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Polycythemia / pathology
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Protein Biosynthesis* / drug effects
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Transcriptional Activation / drug effects
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Transcriptional Activation / genetics
Substances
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
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Endothelin-1
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Erythropoietin
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endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1
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Iron
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Iron Regulatory Protein 1
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Iron Regulatory Protein 2