Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998 May 25;140(1-2):71-6.

Xist and X chromosome inactivation.

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Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia. grahamK@qimr.edu.au

Abstract

X inactivation acts in female mammals to equalise X-linked gene dosage between XX females and XY males. X inactivation is controlled by a single X-linked cis-acting locus called the X inactivation centre (Xic). In 1991 the Xist gene was identified as a candidate for the Xic. Xist is expressed in all adult female tissues, but only from the allele on the inactive X. The Xist transcript does not encode a protein but remains sequestered within the nucleus and co-localises with the inactive X chromosome. Transgenic and knockout studies have shown that a genomic region covering only a few kilobases either side of Xist carries all of the functions attributed to the Xic. The major questions currently occupying researchers studying X inactivation are: how do cells count their number of X chromosomes to determine whether X inactivation is necessary, and how does the Xist transcript inactivate all genes on the X chromosome?

PMID:: 9722171; [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Role of the region 3' to Xist exon 6 in the counting process of X-chromosome inactivation. [Nat Genet. 1998]
Role of the region 3' to Xist exon 6 in the counting process of X-chromosome inactivation.
Clerc P, Avner P. Nat Genet. 1998 Jul; 19(3):249-53.
Xist has properties of the X-chromosome inactivation centre. [Nature. 1997]
Xist has properties of the X-chromosome inactivation centre.
Herzing LB, Romer JT, Horn JM, Ashworth A. Nature. 1997 Mar 20; 386(6622):272-5.
Review X inactivation Xplained. [Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2007]
Review X inactivation Xplained.
Wutz A, Gribnau J. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2007 Oct; 17(5):387-93. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre. [Nat Genet. 1999]
Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre.
Lee JT, Davidow LS, Warshawsky D. Nat Genet. 1999 Apr; 21(4):400-4.
Review X chromosome inactivation and the Xist gene. [Cell Mol Life Sci. 1998]
Review X chromosome inactivation and the Xist gene.
Brockdorff N, Duthie SM. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1998 Jan; 54(1):104-12.

See reviews... See all...

Cited by 1 PubMed Central article

Evidence for evolutionarily conserved secondary structure in the H19 tumor suppressor RNA. [Nucleic Acids Res. 2000]
Evidence for evolutionarily conserved secondary structure in the H19 tumor suppressor RNA.
Juan V, Crain C, Wilson C. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Mar 1; 28(5):1221-7.

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