Prilocaine-phenylephrine and bupivacaine-phenylephrine topical anesthetics compared with tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine during repair of lacerations

Am J Emerg Med. 1998 Mar;16(2):121-4. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(98)90026-2.

Abstract

The effectiveness of two new topical anesthetics that do not contain cocaine (prilocaine-phenylephrine and bupivacaine-phenylephrine) was compared with that of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine (TAC) during laceration repair in children. This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial conducted in the emergency department of a large children's hospital. Participants were 180 children 1 year of age or older with a laceration 5 cm or less in length that required suturing. Pain felt during suturing was scored by suture technicians, research assistants, parents, and patients 5 years of age and older using a visual analogue scale (VAS). There was no statistical difference demonstrated between the effectiveness of prilocaine-phenylephrine and that of TAC for any of the observer groups. A statistically significant difference was seen among anesthetics when comparing VAS scores of research assistants (P = .002), suture technicians (P = .006), and parents (P = .03), but not when comparing VAS ratings of patients (P = .07). Based on Tukey's post hoc test, these statistically significant differences were between TAC and bupivacaine-phenylephrine. When power analyses were performed using alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20, it was possible to detect a difference of 1.3 VAS units for each rater group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of prilocaine-phenylephrine and bupivacaine-phenylephrine. Prilocaine-phenylephrine statistically outperformed bupivacaine-phenylephrine and offers an effective alternative to TAC during laceration repair in children.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anesthesia, Local*
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage*
  • Bupivacaine / administration & dosage*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cocaine / administration & dosage*
  • Dermatologic Surgical Procedures
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Epinephrine / administration & dosage*
  • Female
  • Hospitals, Pediatric
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Pain / prevention & control
  • Pain Measurement
  • Phenylephrine / administration & dosage*
  • Prilocaine / administration & dosage*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Safety
  • Skin / injuries*
  • Suture Techniques
  • Tetracaine / administration & dosage*
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / administration & dosage*

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents
  • Prilocaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Phenylephrine
  • Cocaine
  • Bupivacaine
  • Epinephrine