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    Nature. 1997 Dec 4;390(6659):465-71.

    TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins.

    Source

    Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.

    Abstract

    The recent identification of the SMAD family of signal transducer proteins has unravelled the mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMADs are phosphorylated by specific cell-surface receptors that have serine/threonine kinase activity, then they oligomerize with the common mediator Smad4 and translocate to the nucleus where they direct transcription to effect the cell's response to TGF-beta. Inhibitory SMADs have been identified that block the activation of these pathway-restricted SMADs.

    PMID:
    9393997
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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