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    Kidney Int. 1997 May;51(5):1376-82.

    Latent transforming growth factor-beta: structural features and mechanisms of activation.

    Munger JS, Harpel JG, Gleizes PE, Mazzieri R, Nunes I, Rifkin DB.

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    Department of Cell Biology, New York University, New York, USA.

    Abstract

    Transforming growth factor-beta are cytokines with a wide range of biological effects. They play a pathologic role in inflammatory and fibrosing diseases such as nephrosclerosis. TGF-beta s are secreted in a latent form due to noncovalent association with latency associated peptide (LAP), which is a homodimer formed from the propeptide region of TGF-beta. LAP is disulfide linked to another protein, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). LTBP has features in common with extracellular matrix proteins, and targets latent TGF-beta to the matrix. Activation of latent TGF-beta can be accomplished in vitro by denaturing treatments, plasmin digestion, ionizing radiation and interaction with thrombospondin. The mechanisms by which latent TGF-beta is activated physiologically are not well understood. Results to date suggest an important role for proteases, particularly plasmin, although other mechanisms probably exist. A general model of activation is proposed in which latent TGF-beta is released from the extracellular matrix by proteases, localized to cell surfaces, and activated by cell-associated plasmin.

    PMID:
    9150447
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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