Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1997 Apr;7(2):191-7.

Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms.

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Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Wolfram.Schultz@unifr.ch

Abstract

Information related to rewards is processed by a limited number of brain structures. Recent studies have demonstrated that dopamine neurons respond to appetitive events, such as primary rewards and reward-predicting stimuli. Rather than responding unconditionally, these neurons signal deviations from the prediction of future appetitive events. These reward-related responses correspond formally to concepts of behavioral and computational learning theories and may thus constitute teaching signals for appetitive learning.

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Review Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. [J Neurophysiol. 1998]
Review Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons.
Schultz W. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Jul; 80(1):1-27.
A neural network model with dopamine-like reinforcement signal that learns a spatial delayed response task. [Neuroscience. 1999]
A neural network model with dopamine-like reinforcement signal that learns a spatial delayed response task.
Suri RE, Schultz W. Neuroscience. 1999; 91(3):871-90.
Review Reward signaling by dopamine neurons. [Neuroscientist. 2001]
Review Reward signaling by dopamine neurons.
Schultz W. Neuroscientist. 2001 Aug; 7(4):293-302.
Review Reward prediction in primate basal ganglia and frontal cortex. [Neuropharmacology. 1998]
Review Reward prediction in primate basal ganglia and frontal cortex.
Schultz W, Tremblay L, Hollerman JR. Neuropharmacology. 1998 Apr-May; 37(4-5):421-9.
Review Dopamine signals for reward value and risk: basic and recent data. [Behav Brain Funct. 2010]
Review Dopamine signals for reward value and risk: basic and recent data.
Schultz W. Behav Brain Funct. 2010 Apr 23; 6:24. Epub 2010 Apr 23.

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