Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of depressed probands. II. Familial loading for comorbid non-depressive disorders based upon proband age of onset

J Affect Disord. 1997 Jan;42(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(97)84643-5.

Abstract

This study examined familial loading for non-depressive disorders in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of early-(< 20 years of age) and adult-onset (> or = 20 years of age) depressed probands. Our previous work, which demonstrated that FDRs of early-onset probands have higher rates of major depression as compared to FDRs of adult-onset probands, has not yet examined risk for non-depressive disorders in FDRs. In this paper, we focus on best-estimate diagnoses of anxiety disorders, alcoholism, and antisocial personality conducted on 639 first-degree relatives. The FDRs of early-onset probands had significantly higher rates of comorbid transmission of alcoholism and depression, and antisocial personality and depression, respectively. Significant co-transmission of anxiety disorders and depression was found in the FDRs of both early- and adult-onset probands. Future genetic studies of depression, especially early-onset depression, should hence broaden their definitions of phenotypes to include comorbid disorders when searching for the etiology of this complex disorder.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Alcoholism / diagnosis
  • Alcoholism / genetics
  • Alcoholism / psychology
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder / diagnosis
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder / genetics
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder / psychology
  • Anxiety Disorders / diagnosis
  • Anxiety Disorders / genetics
  • Anxiety Disorders / psychology
  • Child
  • Child of Impaired Parents / psychology
  • Comorbidity
  • Depressive Disorder / diagnosis
  • Depressive Disorder / genetics*
  • Depressive Disorder / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / diagnosis
  • Mental Disorders / genetics*
  • Mental Disorders / psychology
  • Middle Aged
  • Personality Development*
  • Phenotype
  • Risk Factors