Recently, an acute phase (AP) protein response has been reported in major depression. In order to examine whether an AP response occurs in other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and mania, the authors measured plasma AP reactants, such as haptoglobin (Hp), immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, fibrinogen (Fb), complement component 3 (C3C), C4, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT), alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein (alpha 1S) and hemopexin (Hpx), in 27 schizophrenic, 23 manic, 29 major depressed and 21 normal subjects. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher plasma Hp, Fb, C3C, C4, alpha 1S and Hpx than normal controls. Manic subjects showed significantly higher plasma Hp, Fb, alpha 1S and Hpx than normal volunteers. Depressed subjects had significantly higher plasma Hp, Fb, C3C, C4 and alpha 1S than normal controls. Overall, the above disorders in AP reactants were more pronounced in schizophrenic than in depressed subjects. No significant differences in the above AP reactants could be found between normal volunteers, and schizophrenic, manic or depressed patients who underwent chronic treatment with psychotropic drugs. Plasma Hp, Fb, C3C, C4, alpha 1S, and Hpx were significantly higher in schizophrenic, manic and depressed patients who were non-medicated than in those who were treated with antidepressants, antipsychotics or lithium. The results suggest that not only major depression but also schizophrenia and mania are accompanied by an AP response, and that the latter may be suppressed by (sub)chronic treatment with psychotropic drugs.