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1: Dent Clin North Am. 1996 Oct;40(4):837-73.Links

Optimal orthodontic space closure in adult patients.

Siatkowski RE.

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The basic mechanical principles of various approaches to space closure to achieve treatment goals were presented. Practical methods for closing space were outlined with particular attention to controlling deleterious side effects. Special requirements for space closure in adult patients were addressed with specific recommendations for this category of tooth movement.

PMID: 8886542 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]